[Assessment of withholding life support and withdrawing life support in a vital emergency department]. / Évaluation des démarches de limitation et d'arrêt de traitement en salle d'accueil des urgences vitales.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the practices of withholding and withdrawing of life sustaining therapies in a vital emergencies department and to confront them with Leonetti law procedures. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. PATIENT AND METHODS: Collection of data performed by a physician (senior or junior) for all patients for whom a decision of withholding or withdrawing life sustaining treatments was taken. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients were included. A withholding life sustaining treatments as non aggressive resuscitation procedures were instituted for 65% of the patients, of whom 85% were "waiting resuscitation". In 50% of the cases, the decision was taken by a single physician. The approval of the nursing staff was researched in 65% of the cases. The decision was written in the medical file in 94% of the cases. The patient's will was researched in 15% of the cases. The family was consulted about patient's will in 10% of the cases. The family was informed of the decision in 90% of the cases. CONCLUSION: The application of Leonetti law in vital emergencies department is flawed. It appears to be necessary to realize new studies and to release official guidelines or recommendations specifically made for emergencies department to improve the practices of withholding or withdrawing life sustaining treatments.

[Left ventricular assist devices in cardiogenic shock]. / Assistances circulatoires dans les chocs cardiogéniques.

Cardiogenic shock is the leading cause of in-hospital death for myocardial infarction. Despite therapeutic improvements, such as medical treatment with inotropes, myocardial revascularization, circulatory assistance can be an option. Intra-aortic balloon pumping is highly recommended in the presence of haemodynamic impairment. If the patient continues to deteriorate and cardiac function cannot maintain adequate circulation to prevent end-organ failure, several mechanical circulatory assist devices can be considered: extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO), Impella(®)… These devices should be used at tertiary centres either as bridge to recovery or as bridge to transplantation or as bridge to long-term left ventricle assist device.

[Comparison of three ventilatory modes during immediate postoperative transfer of cardiac surgical patients]. / Comparaison de trois modes ventilatoires au cours du transport postopératoire immédiat du patient opéré de chirurgie cardiaque.

OBJECTIVE: Compare three ventilatory strategies during the immediate postoperative transfer of cardiac surgical patient. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, comparative and observational study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: After approval by our local ethical committee, 330 patients undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery were consecutively included. Patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, exhibiting intraoperative hypoxemia or requiring nitric oxide were excluded. The ventilatory mode was left at the discretion of the anesthesiologist and included: controlled mechanical ventilation (FiO(2)=1, N=124) or (FiO(2)=0.6, N=106), and manual ventilation using rebreathing bag (N=100). A blood gas analysis was performed immediately prior to connecting patient at ventilator at the arrival in ICU. RESULTS: The mean duration of transfer was 3.9+/-1.4 min. Invasive pressure monitoring was used in all patients. The pulse oxymetry and electrocardiogram were respectively used in 78% and 24% of patients. PaO(2) values less than 100 mmHg and those more than 300 mmHg were more frequently found in patients ventilated by rebreathing bag (42%) and mechanical ventilation FiO(2)1 (52%), respectively. No significant difference was found between groups regarding PaCO(2) values. CONCLUSION: When rebreathing bag is used for transfer in ICU, severe decrease in PaO(2) may be observed. In absence of intraoperative hypoxemia, a mechanical ventilation with FiO(2)0.6 seems to be the most suitable ventilatory strategy for such short immediate postoperative transfer.