Violencia urbana y salud mental de adultos jóvenes de Paraguay / Urban violence and mental health of young adults in Paraguay

A nivel mundial, la violencia urbana se ha convertido en una preocupación importante para la salud pública. Investigaciones resaltan que la violencia es un factor de riesgo significativo para la salud mental de los individuos. La exposición a eventos traumáticos relacionados con la violencia urbana, como asaltos, robos o violencia interpersonal, puede tener consecuencias graves para la salud mental. En el contexto continental, América Latina se ha visto especialmente afectada por la violencia urbana. Estudios epidemiológicos en países latinoamericanos han demostrado que la violencia urbana está asociada con un mayor riesgo de trastornos de ansiedad, estrés y depresión en la población joven y adulta. A nivel nacional, el Paraguay enfrenta desafíos significativos en términos de violencia urbana. Aunque la situación ha mejorado en los últimos años, persisten altos índices de violencia relacionada con el crimen, pandillas y conflictos socioeconómicos. La población joven se encuentra particularmente expuesta a estos eventos traumáticos, lo que plantea preocupaciones sobre el impacto en su salud mental.

Effect of the addition of Enterolobium cyclocarpum pods and Gliricidia sepium forage to Brachiaria brizantha on dry matter degradation, volatile fatty acid concentration, and in vitro methane production.

The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro fermentation and methane (CH4) production in the grass Brachiaria brizantha (B) alone or when mixed with Gliricidia sepium forage (G) and/or Enterolobium cyclocarpum pods (E). Theses substrates were incubated in the following proportions: B100 (B100%), B85E15 (B85% + E15%), B85G15 (B85% + G15%), B85GE15 (B85% + G7.5% + E7.5%), and B70GE30 (B70% + G15% + E15%). Dry matter degradation (DMD), volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, and CH4 production were measured at 12, 24, and 48 h of incubation. Experimental design was a randomized complete block. At 48-h incubation, DMD ranged between 46.5 and 51.2% (P = 0.0015). The lowest cumulative gas production (CGP) was observed in B85E15 and B85G15 (160 mL CGP/g organic matter, on average). At 48 h, B85G15 and B100 produced 28.8 and 30.2 mg CH4/g DMD, respectively, while B85E15 or the mixtures, 33.5 mg CH4/g DMD, on average (P ≤ 0.05). B85E15 and B70G30 had the highest concentration of total VFA (P ≤ 0.05). Results showed that B85E15 and B70GE30 favor DMD and increased total production of VFA and CH4 at 48 h. Supplementing livestock feed with legume forages and pods allows improves the nutritional quality of the diet and the fermentation patterns.

Transvaginal Radiofrequency Ablation of Myomas: Technique, Outcomes, and Complications.

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to study technique, complications, and outcomes of transvaginal ultrasound-guided radiofrequency myolysis (TRFAM) of uterine myomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective observational study of 205 patients with metrorrhagia secondary to type II/III submucosal or intramural cavity-distorting myomas undergoing outpatient TRFAM under sedation between September 2015 and February 2017. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Intraoperative and postoperative complications, correction of metrorrhagia, patient satisfaction, mean volume of myoma, and hemoglobin level at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 38.7 years (range 26-49). The mean operating time was 17 minutes (range 11-44). The mean postoperative time to discharge home was 2.3 hours (range 1.6-3.2). There were 2 (1.46%) patients with type III-b complications (Clavien-Dindo classification). The mean (standard deviation [SD]) preoperative myoma volume was 122.4 [182.5] cm3. There was a significant reduction in the mean volume at 1 (85.2 [147.9] cm3; P = .001), 3 (67.3 [138.0] cm3; P = .001), 6 (59.3 [135.3] cm3; P = .001), and 12 months (49.6 [121.4] cm3; P = .001). The mean volume reduction at 12 months was 60% when compared with preoperative volume. All patients had normal menstruation at a mean follow-up of 3 months (range 1.5-6). CONCLUSION: TRFAM is an effective and safe technique in selected patients for the treatment of metrorrhagia secondary to myomas.

Chemical and physical defense traits in two sexual forms of Opuntia robusta in Central Eastern Mexico.

Sexually dimorphic plants provide an excellent opportunity for examining the differences in the extent of their defense against herbivores because they exhibit sex-related differences in reproductive investment. Such differences enable comparison of the sex with high reproduction expenses with the sex that expends less. The more costly sex is usually also better defended against herbivores. Generally, females are considered more valuable than hermaphrodites in terms of fitness; however, hermaphrodites are more valuable if they can produce seed by autonomous selfing, provided that the inbreeding depression is low and pollen is limited. We studied a gynodioecious population of Opuntia robusta from Central-Eastern Mexico, which has been reported to be trioecious, dioecious, or hermaphrodite, and addressed the following questions: 1) Is the hermaphrodite's reproductive output higher than the female's, and are hermaphrodites thus better defended? 2) Are plant tissues differentially defended? 3) Do trade-offs exist among different physical defense traits? and 4) among physical and chemical defense traits? We found that 1) hermaphrodites had a higher seed output and more spines per areola than females and that their spines contained less moisture. Non-reproductive hermaphrodite cladodes contained more total phenolic compounds (TPCs) than female ones. In addition, 2) hermaphrodite reproductive cladodes bore more spines than female cladodes, and 3) and 4) we found a negative relationship between spine number per areola and areola number per cladode and a positive relationship between spine number per areola per plant and TPC concentration per plant. Non-reproductive hermaphrodite cladodes contained a higher concentration of TPCs than female cladodes, and parental cladodes contained fewer TPCs than both reproductive and empty cladodes.

Brain Tissue Volumes and Perfusion Change with the Number of Optic Neuritis Attacks in Relapsing Neuromyelitis Optica: A Voxel-Based Correlation Study.

Recent neuroimaging studies show that brain abnormalities in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are more frequent than earlier described. Yet, more research considering multiple aspects of NMO is necessary to better understand these abnormalities. A clinical feature of relapsing NMO (RNMO) is that the incremental disability is attack-related. Therefore, association between the attack-related process and neuroimaging might be expected. On the other hand, the immunopathological analysis of NMO lesions has suggested that CNS microvasculature could be an early disease target, which could alter brain perfusion. Brain tissue volume changes accompanying perfusion alteration could also be expected throughout the attack-related process. The aim of this study was to investigate in RNMO patients, by voxel-based correlation analysis, the assumed associations between regional brain white (WMV) and grey matter volumes (GMV) and/or perfusion on one side, and the number of optic neuritis (ON) attacks, myelitis attacks and/or total attacks on the other side. For this purpose, high resolution T1-weighted MRI and perfusion SPECT imaging were obtained in 15 RNMO patients. The results showed negative regional correlations of WMV, GMV and perfusion with the number of ON attacks, involving important components of the visual system, which could be relevant for the comprehension of incremental visual disability in RNMO. We also found positive regional correlation of perfusion with the number of ON attacks, mostly overlapping the brain area where the WMV showed negative correlation. This provides evidence that brain microvasculature is an early disease target and suggests that perfusion alteration could be important in the development of brain structural abnormalities in RNMO.

Diagnóstico de la pérdida breve del conocimiento en la atención primaria a tropas / Diagnosis of the brief loss of consciousness in primary health care by the physician attending troops

La pérdida breve del conocimiento (PBC) constituye un frecuente y difícil problema que debe enfrentar el médico tanto en los cuerpos de guardia como en la atención a las tropas. Demanda del médico un conocimiento de sus causas y de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos que provocan dicha perdida, por lo que se revisaron sus causas más frecuentes. Se clasificaron las PBC teniendo en cuenta la presencia o no de caída, se describen las características clínicas y la frecuencia de los síncopes, las crisis epilépticas, las crisis psicógenas, como causa de la PBC así como su repercusión en las tropas. Es necesario el manejo clínico de las PBC por los médicos de atención primaria a las tropas con un alto grado de efectividad lo que evitará un manejo inadecuado de estos pacientes(AU)

Diagnóstico de la pérdida breve del conocimiento en la atención primaria a tropas / Diagnosis of the brief loss of consciousness in primary health care by the physician attending troops

La pérdida breve del conocimiento (PBC) constituye un frecuente y difícil problema que debe enfrentar el médico tanto en los cuerpos de guardia como en la atención a las tropas. Demanda del médico un conocimiento de sus causas y de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos que provocan dicha perdida, por lo que se revisaron sus causas más frecuentes. Se clasificaron las PBC teniendo en cuenta la presencia o no de caída, se describen las características clínicas y la frecuencia de los síncopes, las crisis epilépticas, las crisis psicógenas, como causa de la PBC así como su repercusión en las tropas. Es necesario el manejo clínico de las PBC por los médicos de atención primaria a las tropas con un alto grado de efectividad lo que evitará un manejo inadecuado de estos pacientes

Enacting "health communication": the field of health communication as constructed through publication in scholarly journals.

Based on an analysis of articles in health communication journals and in regional, national, and international communication journals, this study identifies publication trends and research priorities for health communication articles in the 1990s and the year 2000. Based on a content analysis of article abstracts, researchers determined the extent to which health communication articles appeared in various journals as well as the emphasis on specific topics in health communication research, methodological approaches, and theoretical frameworks. The article concludes with reflections on the implications of this study for future work in the area of health communication.

Síndrome Neuroléptico Maligno / Malignant neuroleptic syndrome

El síndrome neuroléptico maligno constituye una complicación infrecuente asociada con el uso de neruolépticos. El cuadro establecido tiene toma de conciencia, rigidez generalizada, disautonomías asociadas con rabdomiólisis con creatinin fosfoquinasa elevada. Se presenta un paciente del sexo masculino de 31 años de edad, con antecedentes de cuadros delirantes alucinatorios a los 7 años, a los 21 y el actual. Los primeros síntomas comenzaron 2 meses antes de su ingreso, con alucinaciones auditivas. Comienza tratamiento con haloperidol; al no mejorar el cuadro psicótico y estar muy agresivo deciden asociarle clorpromazina. Un mes después presenta fiebre y manifestaciones respiratorias. Días después empeora la fiebre, aparece la rigidez axial y la sialorrea. Es trasladado a cuidados intensivos con el diagnóstico de síndrome neuroléptico maligno, comienza tratamiento específico, no obstante fallece a los 3 días. Se concluye que el síndrome neuroléptico maligno es una complicación neurológica infrecuente pero muy grave, con una elevada mortalidad en los casos no tratados de manera precoz