Current advances in photocatalytic proximity labeling.

Understanding the intricate network of biomolecular interactions that govern cellular processes is a fundamental pursuit in biology. Over the past decade, photocatalytic proximity labeling has emerged as one of the most powerful and versatile techniques for studying these interactions as well as uncovering subcellular trafficking patterns, drug mechanisms of action, and basic cellular physiology. In this article, we review the basic principles, methodologies, and applications of photocatalytic proximity labeling as well as examine its modern development into currently available platforms. We also discuss recent key studies that have successfully leveraged these technologies and importantly highlight current challenges faced by the field. Together, this review seeks to underscore the potential of photocatalysis in proximity labeling for enhancing our understanding of cell biology while also providing perspective on technological advances needed for future discovery.

Influence of laparoscopic surgery on the outcomes of radical cystectomy within a multimodal rehabilitation protocol.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The implementation of Enhanced Recover After Surgery (ERAS) multimodal rehabilitation protocols in radical cystectomy has shown to improve outcomes in hospital stay and complications. The aim of this analysis is to evaluate the impact of laparoscopic surgery on radical cystectomy within a multimodal rehabilitation program. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out in a third level center between 2011 and 2020 including patients with bladder cancer submitted to radical cystectomy according to an ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) protocol and the Spanish Multimodal Rehabilitation Group (GERM) with 20 items to be fulfilled. RESULTS: A total of 250 radical cystectomies were performed throughout the study period, 42.8% by open surgery (OS) and 57.2% by laparoscopic surgery (LS). The groups are comparable in demographic and clinical variables (p > 0.05). Operative time was longer in the LS group (248.4 ±â€¯55.0 vs. 286.2 ±â€¯51.9 min; p < 0.001). However, bleeding was significantly lower in the LS group (417.5 ±â€¯365.7 vs. 877.9 ±â€¯529.7 cc; p < 0.001), as was the need for blood transfusion (33.6% vs. 58.9%; p < 0.001). Postoperative length of stay (11.5 ±â€¯10.5 vs. 20.1 ±â€¯17.2 days; p < 0.001), total and major complications were also significantly lower in this group (LS). The readmission rate was lower in the LS group but not significantly (36.4% vs. 29.4%; p = 0.237). The difference between 90-day mortality in both groups was not statistically significant (2.8% LS vs. 4.3% OS; p = 0.546). The differences were maintained in the multivariate models. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic surgery within a multimodal rehabilitation program increases operative time but significantly decreases intraoperative bleeding, transfusion requirements, postoperative length of stay, and complications.

[Prognostic effects of cardiac rehabilitation in patients with acute coronary syndrome]. / Impacto pronóstico de la realización de un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca tras un síndrome coronario agudo.

AIM: Reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 5 years in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and percutaneous coronary intervention who completed a cardiac rehabilitation program. METHODS: We included 230 consecutive men with a diagnosis of ACS and percutaneous coronary intervention in the first half of 2015 according to the inclusion criteria. Two cohorts of 115 patients each were compared, one of them (rehabilitated group) with patients who completed the cardiac rehabilitation program and the other (control group) who received conventional outpatient care. Base-line characteristics and MACE at 5-years follow-up were compared and analyzed. MACE included re-infarction, heart failure, cerebrovascular accident and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: At 5 years of follow-up, a statistically significant reduction in MACE (27.19% vs 7.83%; OR 0.23 [IC 0.10-0.50]; P=.0001), all-cause mortality (OR 0.12 [IC 0.01-0.94]; P=0.01), re-infarction rate (OR 0.29 [IC 0.11-0.77]; P=.007) and cerebrovascular accident (P=.014) was found in the rehabilitated group (RG). MACE-free survival was significantly longer in the RG, regardless of risk (HR 0.25 [IC 0.12-0.53]; P=.000). CONCLUSION: In our sample, cardiac rehabilitation programs showed a prognostic benefit in patients with ACS and percutaneous coronary intervention, with a statistically significant reduction in MACE, re-infarction rate and CVA at five-year follow-up.

[Anti-smoking intervention in the acute phase of acute coronary syndrome: Is there additional benefit in patients included in a cardiac rehabilitation program?] / Intervención antitabaco en fase aguda del síndrome coronario agudo: ¿existe beneficio adicional en pacientes incluidos en un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca?

BACKGROUND: Smoking is a challenge in secondary prevention after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The objective was to assess whether the early anti-smoking intervention (ASI), in the acute hospitalization phase, improves the abstinence rate obtained during a cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP). METHODS: Multicenter clinical trial in which smoker patients admitted for ACS were randomized 1:1 to receive or not ASI from the first day of admission. Upon discharge, both groups were referred to the CRP, performing abstinence controls using co-oximetry. Patients lost were considered smokers. RESULTS: 72 patients were included, 58 men (80.5%), mean age 53 ± 8.1 years. They were admitted for ST elevation myocardial infarction 42 (58%), non-ST elevation myocardial infarction 29 (40%) and unstable angina 1 (1.3%). They smoked an average of 22 ± 11.3 cigarettes/day (pack-year index 37 ± 20). They completed the Richmond test (8.8 ± 1.3) and Fagestrom (5.69 ± 2.1). 36 patients (50%) were randomized to ASI, with no differences in the baseline characteristics of both groups. The dropout rate at the time of inclusion in CRP was higher in the ASI group (69 vs. 44%; p 0.034; OR 2.84), without statistical significance at discharge from the CRP (58 vs. 50%; p 0.478; OR 1.4) or at 12 months (58 vs. 44%; p 0.24; OR 1.75). CONCLUSIONS: The ASI during admission significantly improves the smoking cessation rate at the time of inclusion in the CRP. Part of these beneficial effects are reduced in the follow-up losing statistical significance with respect to the control group.

Small molecule photocatalysis enables drug target identification via energy transfer.

Over half of new therapeutic approaches fail in clinical trials due to a lack of target validation. As such, the development of new methods to improve and accelerate the identification of cellular targets, broadly known as target ID, remains a fundamental goal in drug discovery. While advances in sequencing and mass spectrometry technologies have revolutionized drug target ID in recent decades, the corresponding chemical-based approaches have not changed in over 50 y. Consigned to outdated stoichiometric activation modes, modern target ID campaigns are regularly confounded by poor signal-to-noise resulting from limited receptor occupancy and low crosslinking yields, especially when targeting low abundance membrane proteins or multiple protein target engagement. Here, we describe a broadly general platform for photocatalytic small molecule target ID, which is founded upon the catalytic amplification of target-tag crosslinking through the continuous generation of high-energy carbene intermediates via visible light-mediated Dexter energy transfer. By decoupling the reactive warhead tag from the small molecule ligand, catalytic signal amplification results in unprecedented levels of target enrichment, enabling the quantitative target and off target ID of several drugs including (+)-JQ1, paclitaxel (Taxol), dasatinib (Sprycel), as well as two G-protein-coupled receptors-ADORA2A and GPR40.

Radius measurement via super-resolution microscopy enables the development of a variable radii proximity labeling platform.

The elucidation of protein interaction networks is critical to understanding fundamental biology as well as developing new therapeutics. Proximity labeling platforms (PLPs) are state-of-the-art technologies that enable the discovery and delineation of biomolecular networks through the identification of protein-protein interactions. These platforms work via catalytic generation of reactive probes at a biological region of interest; these probes then diffuse through solution and covalently "tag" proximal biomolecules. The physical distance that the probes diffuse determines the effective labeling radius of the PLP and is a critical parameter that influences the scale and resolution of interactome mapping. As such, by expanding the degrees of labeling resolution offered by PLPs, it is possible to better capture the various size scales of interactomes. At present, however, there is little quantitative understanding of the labeling radii of different PLPs. Here, we report the development of a superresolution microscopy-based assay for the direct quantification of PLP labeling radii. Using this assay, we provide direct extracellular measurements of the labeling radii of state-of-the-art antibody-targeted PLPs, including the peroxidase-based phenoxy radical platform (269 ± 41 nm) and the high-resolution iridium-catalyzed µMap technology (54 ± 12 nm). Last, we apply these insights to the development of a molecular diffusion-based approach to tuning PLP resolution and introduce a new aryl-azide-based µMap platform with an intermediate labeling radius (80 ± 28 nm).

µMap-Red: Proximity Labeling by Red Light Photocatalysis.

Modern proximity labeling techniques have enabled significant advances in understanding biomolecular interactions. However, current tools primarily utilize activation modes that are incompatible with complex biological environments, limiting our ability to interrogate cell- and tissue-level microenvironments in animal models. Here, we report µMap-Red, a proximity labeling platform that uses a red-light-excited SnIV chlorin e6 catalyst to activate a phenyl azide biotin probe. We validate µMap-Red by demonstrating photonically controlled protein labeling in vitro through several layers of tissue, and we then apply our platform in cellulo to label EGFR microenvironments and validate performance with STED microscopy and quantitative proteomics. Finally, to demonstrate labeling in a complex biological sample, we deploy µMap-Red in whole mouse blood to profile erythrocyte cell-surface proteins. This work represents a significant methodological advance toward light-based proximity labeling in complex tissue environments and animal models.

Disección didáctica de fibra blanca en cerebelo humano en tres pasos: entrenamiento microneuroanatómico / 3-Step didactic white matter dissection of human cerebellum: Micro-neuroanatomical training

Objetivos: Un buen conocimiento anatómico del cerebelo es fundamental para llevar a cabo abordajes al IV ventrículo (frecuentes en la neurocirugía pediátrica) de forma segura, evitando secuelas como el mutismo cerebeloso. El propósito del presente trabajo es realizar una disección didáctica del cerebelo humano centrándonos especialmente en los pedúnculos cerebelosos y en los núcleos dentados (DN); estructuras en riesgo durante estos procedimientos. Material y métodos :Se disecó el órgano, siguiendo el método de Klingler para fibras blancas, usando material de microcirugía estándar y específico, bajo un microscopio D. F. Vasconcellos M900 con aumento x6-x40. Se utilizó una cámara Canon EOS T7 con un objetivo de 18-55 mm y se editaron las imágenes con Adobe Lightroom Classic CC y Keynote. Se emplearon métodos especiales como la iluminación endoscópica con luz LED para la obtención de algunas fotografías. Resultados: Se logró disecar con éxito los DN del cerebelo y describir su relación con los pedúnculos cerebelosos, vermis inferior y velos medulares. Mediante esta guía de tres pasos (1. cara tentorial; 2. cara suboccipital; 3. estructuras del IV ventrículo) se consiguió mostrar los elementos más importantes para el estudio del órgano y caracterizar sus implicaciones en los distintos abordajes al IV ventrículo. Conclusiones: La mejor forma de completar el estudio de neuroanatomía es la disección de especímenes, ya que aporta una visión 3 D. La transiluminación con luz LED se reveló como una herramienta útil para el registro fotográfico de estructuras del IV ventrículo, lo que mejora la visión espacial. Su principal aplicación la encontramos en los velos medulares y forámenes de la fosa romboide, ya que son permeables a la luz. La guía de disección en tres fases propuesta en este trabajo puede ayudar a los neurocirujanos, en cualquier etapa de su formación, a comprender mejor el cerebelo (AU)

Objectives: A thorough understanding of cerebellum anatomy is essential in 4th ventricle approaches (more frequent in pediatric neurosurgery), avoiding relevant complications such as cerebellar mutism. The aim of the present work is to show the feasibility of a didactic dissection of human cerebellum focusing on cerebellar peduncles and dentate nucleus (DN), which are structures at high risk during these surgical procedures. Material and methods: The cerebellum was dissected according to the Klingler method for white matter, using standard and specific microsurgery tools. Surgical microscope magnification (x6-x40) provided by a D.F. Vasconcellos M900 was required. A Canon EOS T7 18-55 mm digital camera was used and Adobe Lightroom Classic CC and Keynote were selected as photo enhancing software. Special methods such as LED light endoscopic transillumination were used for photographical reasons. Results: DN dissection was successfully achieved and the relations between these nucleus and the cerebellar peduncles, inferior vermis and medullary velums were described. Through this three steps dissection guide (1. tentorial surface; 2. suboccipital surface; 3. 4th ventricle structures), the most relevant anatomical structures were shown and its implications in different 4th ventricle approaches were characterised. Conclusion: 3 D perspective provided by real specimen anatomical dissection is critical for learning neuroanatomy. ED transillumination was shown as a useful technique for the 4th ventricle structures photographic documentation which improves spatial recognition. This benefit can be applied for the study of the relations between the medullary velums and the rhomboid fossa foramina, which are permeable to light. The proposed three-steps dissection guide helps to a better understanding of human cerebellum and to gain self-confidence, allowing safer practice for neurosurgeons in all stages of their career (AU)

Metallaphotoredox: The Merger of Photoredox and Transition Metal Catalysis.

The merger of photoredox catalysis with transition metal catalysis, termed metallaphotoredox catalysis, has become a mainstay in synthetic methodology over the past decade. Metallaphotoredox catalysis has combined the unparalleled capacity of transition metal catalysis for bond formation with the broad utility of photoinduced electron- and energy-transfer processes. Photocatalytic substrate activation has allowed the engagement of simple starting materials in metal-mediated bond-forming processes. Moreover, electron or energy transfer directly with key organometallic intermediates has provided novel activation modes entirely complementary to traditional catalytic platforms. This Review details and contextualizes the advancements in molecule construction brought forth by metallaphotocatalysis.

[Evaluation of the efficacy of a psychological intervention program in a Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit after acute coronary syndrome]. / Evaluación de la eficacia de un programa de intervención psicológica en una Unidad de Rehabilitación Cardíaca tras un síndrome coronario agudo.

INTRODUCTION: Psychosocial factors influence the prognosis of cardiovascular disease. The improvement of these variables through cardiac rehabilitation programs showed inconclusive results. Our objective was to evaluate the benefits of a psychological intervention program in heart disease patients participating in a cardiac rehabilitation program. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Quasi-experimental retrospective study that included 157 consecutive patients referred to the Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit from September 2017 to May 2018. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires at the beginning and at the end of the rehabilitation program in order to evaluate 9 psychosocial variables. Five of these variables were reevaluated at 12months. Finally, a comparative analysis was carried out between the group that performed a specific psychological intervention and the control group. RESULTS: Average age 55±8 years. 77% (n=122) were male. 72% (n=113) carried out a specific psychological intervention program. After completing the program, the psychological intervention group improved statistically significantly in 8of the 9variables analyzed compared to only 2in the control group and with a higher effect size (medium or large size: Cohen's d> 0.5). Furthermore, this benefit was maintained at one year for the psychological intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, face-to-face cardiac rehabilitation programs improve the psychological sphere of the patient with acute coronary syndrome. In addition, those patients who complete a specific psychological intervention program significantly improve a greater number of psychological variables and to a greater extent compared to those who do not.

La infección del tracto urinario como causa principal de ingreso en pacientes cistectomizados / Urinary tract infection as the main cause of admission in cystectomized patients

Introducción y objetivos: La cistectomía radical con derivación urinaria asociada a linfadenectomía pélvica ampliada continúa siendo el tratamiento de elección en el cáncer vesical musculoinvasivo. Un 64% de los pacientes presentan complicaciones postoperatorias, siendo la infección urinaria responsable en un 20-40% de los casos. El objetivo del presente proyecto es valorar la tasa de infección urinaria como causa de reingreso tras cistectomía, e identificar factores protectores y predisponentes de infección urinaria en nuestro medio. Por último, conocer los resultados obtenidos al aplicar el protocolo de profilaxis antibiótica tras la retirada de los catéteres ureterales.Material y métodosEstudio descriptivo retrospectivo de pacientes cistectomizados en el Servicio de Urología del Hospital Clínico Universitario desde enero de 2012 hasta diciembre de 2018. Desde octubre de 2017, de forma estandarizada, a todo paciente se le aplica un protocolo de prevención de infección del tracto urinario (ITU) tras la retirada de catéteres.ResultadosLa ITU es responsable del 54,7% de los reingresos, siendo un 55,1% de estos por causa de una ITU tras la retirada de los catéteres ureterales. El 9,5% de los pacientes con profilaxis presenta ITU tras la retirada, frente a un 10,6% en el grupo de pacientes sin profilaxis. El paciente que reingresa por ITU tras la retirada tiene un tiempo de catéteres medio de 24,3±7,2 días, frente a los 24,5±7,4 días en el grupo sin ITU (p=0,847).ConclusionesEl tipo de derivación urinaria empleada no guarda relación con la tasa de infección urinaria. El modelo de regresión no identifica la profilaxis antibiótica, ni tampoco el tiempo de catéteres, como factores independientes de ITU tras la retirada de los catéteres. (AU)

Introduction and objectives: Radical cystectomy with urinary diversion associated with extended pelvic lymphadenectomy continues to be the treatment of choice in muscle invasive bladder cancer. Sixty-four percent of patients submitted to this procedure present postoperative complications, with urinary infection being responsible in 20-40% of cases. The aim of this project is to assess the rate of urinary infection as a cause of re-admission after cystectomy, and to identify protective and predisposing factors for urinary infection in our environment. Finally, we will evaluate the outcomes after the establishment of a prophylactic antibiotic protocol after removal of ureteral catheters.Material and methodsRetrospective descriptive study of cystectomized patients in the Urology Service of the Hospital Clínico Universitario of Zaragoza, from January 2012 to December 2018. A urinary tract infection (UTI) prevention protocol after catheter removal is established for all patients since October 2017.ResultsUTI is responsible for 54.7% of readmissions, with 55.1% of these being due to UTI after removal of ureteral catheters. Of the patients who received with prophylaxis, 9.5% presented UTIs after withdrawal, compared to 10.6% in the group of patients without prophylaxis. The patient who is re-admitted for UTI after withdrawal has a mean catheter time of 24.3±7.2 days, compared to 24.5±7.4 days for patients in the group without UTI (P=.847).ConclusionsThe type of urinary diversion performed is not related to the rate of urinary infection. The regression model does not identify antibiotic prophylaxis, nor catheter time, as independent factors of UTI after catheter removal. (AU)

Urinary tract infection as the main cause of admission in cystectomized patients. / La infección del tracto urinario como causa principal de ingreso en pacientes cistectomizados.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Radical cystectomy with urinary diversion associated with extended pelvic lymphadenectomy continues to be the treatment of choice in muscle invasive bladder cancer. Sixty-four percent of patients submitted to this procedure present postoperative complications, with urinary infection being responsible in 20-40% of cases. The aim of this project is to assess the rate of urinary infection as a cause of re-admission after cystectomy, and to identify protective and predisposing factors for urinary infection in our environment. Finally, we will evaluate the outcomes after the establishment of a prophylactic antibiotic protocol after removal of ureteral catheters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study of cystectomized patients in the Urology Service of the Hospital Clínico Universitario of Zaragoza, from January 2012 to December 2018. A urinary tract infection (UTI) prevention protocol after catheter removal is established for all patients since October 2017. RESULTS: UTI is responsible for 54.7% of readmissions, with 55.1% of these being due to UTI after removal of ureteral catheters. Of the patients who received with prophylaxis, 9.5% presented UTIs after withdrawal, compared to 10.6% in the group of patients without prophylaxis. The patient who is re-admitted for UTI after withdrawal has a mean catheter time of 24.3±7.2 days, compared to 24.5±7.4 days for patients in the group without UTI (P=.847). CONCLUSIONS: The type of urinary diversion performed is not related to the rate of urinary infection. The regression model does not identify antibiotic prophylaxis, nor catheter time, as independent factors of UTI after catheter removal.

Solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy on a nanostructured diamond chip.

Sensors using nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond are a promising tool for small-volume nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, but the limited sensitivity remains a challenge. Here we show nearly two orders of magnitude improvement in concentration sensitivity over previous nitrogen-vacancy and picoliter NMR studies. We demonstrate NMR spectroscopy of picoliter-volume solutions using a nanostructured diamond chip with dense, high-aspect-ratio nanogratings, enhancing the surface area by 15 times. The nanograting sidewalls are doped with nitrogen-vacancies located a few nanometers from the diamond surface to detect the NMR spectrum of roughly 1 pl of fluid lying within adjacent nanograting grooves. We perform 1H and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at room temperature in magnetic fields below 50 mT. Using a solution of CsF in glycerol, we determine that 4 ± 2 × 1012 19F spins in a 1 pl volume can be detected with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 in 1 s of integration.Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centres in diamond can be used for NMR spectroscopy, but increased sensitivity is needed to avoid long measurement times. Kehayias et al. present a nanostructured diamond grating with a high density of NV centres, enabling NMR spectroscopy of picoliter-volume solutions.

The Joint Action of Sesquiterpene Lactones from Leaves as an Explanation for the Activity of Cynara cardunculus.

The work described herein is a continuation of a previous study centered on the bioprospect of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) leaf extracts through the isolation of secondary metabolites with phytotoxic activity. Chromatographic fractionations of the ethyl acetate extract and spectroscopic analysis showed that the majority of the components were sesquiterpene lactones. Of these compounds, aguerin B, grosheimin, and cynaropicrin were very active on etiolated wheat coleoptile, standard target species, and weed growth. The joint action of binary mixtures of these three active sesquiterpene lactones and one nonactive compound (11,13-dihydroxy-8-desoxygrosheimin) was studied. The activities of fixed-ratio mixtures were assessed on wheat coleoptile. The results can be interpreted with respect to a reference model by considering dose-response analyses and isobolograms with linear regression analyses. A total of 17 binary mixtures at different levels of inhibition (ED25, ED50, and ED75) were studied, and predominantly they responded additively (25). Deviations from additivity included seven synergistic responses and two antagonistic responses. The joint action of major sesquiterpene lactones isolated from C. cardunculus can explain the activities observed in extracts and fractions. The results reported here reiterate the utility of the wheat coleoptile bioassay as a quick tool to detect potential synergistic effects in binary mixtures.

Synergy and Other Interactions between Polymethoxyflavones from Citrus Byproducts.

The citrus by-products released from citrus processing plants may contain high levels of potentially bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, which are a widely distributed group of polyphenolic compounds with health-related properties based on their antioxidant activity. In the study reported here, the potential bioactivities and antioxidant activities of extracts, fractions and compounds from citrus by-products were evaluated along with the chemical interactions of binary mixtures of compounds and complex mixtures. The bioactivities and interactions were evaluated in wheat coleoptile bioassays and the antioxidant activity was evaluated by the al DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhdrazyl radical) radical scavenging assay. The extracts, fractions and most of the isolated compounds (mainly polymethoxyflavones) showed high activity in the wheat coleoptile bioassay. However, the antioxidant activity was not consistently high, except in the acetone extract fractions. Moreover, a study of the interactions with binary mixtures of polymethoxyflavones showed the occurrence of synergistic effects. The complex mixtures of fractions composed mainly of polymethoxyflavones caused a synergistic effect when it was added to a bioactive compound such as anethole. The results reported here highlight a new application for the wheat coleoptile bioassay as a quick tool to detect potential synergistic effects in compounds or mixtures.

Subluxación atlantoaxoidea rotacional no traumática en un varón de 6 años / Atlantoaxial rotary subluxation non-traumatic in a 6-year-old male

La subluxación atlantoaxoidea es una etiología que debemos tener presente en el diagnóstico diferencial de la tortícolis adquirida en pediatría. La etiopatogenia de este cuadro no es bien conocida y, aunque parece tener relación con traumatismos leves o afectación inflamatoria del cuello por infecciones respiratorias o cirugías faríngeas, es posible que se origine espontáneamente sin un antecedente. Debe sospecharse ante tortícolis resistente al tratamiento, realizando prueba de imagen y descartando patología infecciosa y tumoral. El manejo depende de la gravedad y duración del proceso.Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 6 años con subluxación atlantoaxoidea rotacional sin traumatismo (AU)

Atlantoaxoidea subluxation is an etiology that must be present in the differential diagnosis of torticollis in pediatrics. The pathogenesis of this disease is not well understood and, although it seems to be related to mild trauma or inflammatory involvement of the neck by respiratory infections or pharyngeal surgeries, possible arising spontaneously without a prior precedent. It should be suspected to torticollis treatment-resistant, making imaging test and discarding infectious and tumoral pathology. Management depends on the severity and duration of the process. We present the case of a 6 year old patient with subluxation rotational atlantoaxoidea without prior trauma, with favorable evolution with conservative treatment (AU)

Giant osteoma of the ethmoid sinus with orbital extension: craniofacial approach and orbital reconstruction.

Osteomas are the most common fibro-osseous lesions in the paranasal sinus. They are benign tumours characterized by slow growth and are often asymptomatic. Treatment is indicated in sphenoid osteomas that threaten the optic canal or orbital apex and in symptomatic cases. The choice of surgical management depends on the location, size and experience of the surgeon. An open approach allows tumour removal with direct visual control and remains the best option in large tumours, but the continued progression in endoscopic approaches is responsible for new indications in closed techniques. Immediate reconstruction allows aesthetic and functional restoration of neighbouring structures, which should one of the goals in the treatment of this benign entity. We report a case of a giant ethmoid osteoma with orbital invasion treated by a combined open craniofacial approach with reconstruction of the anterior cranial base and orbital walls. The literature is reviewed and aetiopathogenic theories, diagnostic procedures and surgical approaches are discussed.

Evolución a los 2 años de edad corregida de una cohorte de recién nacidos con peso inferior o igual a 1.500 g de los hospitales pertenecientes a la red neonatal SEN1500 / Outcome at two years corrected age of a cohort of very low birth weight infants from hospitals within the neonatal SEN1500 network

Objetivo: Describir la evolución 4.944 niños que completaron el seguimiento a los 2 años de edad corregida de un total de 10.456 nacidos entre los años 2002-2007 con peso ≤ 1.500 g y dados de alta en los hospitales pertenecientes a la red SEN1500, de los cuales 522 fueron excluidos por presentar algún tipo de malformación. El número de niños evaluados supone un 49,76% del total de niños dados de alta sin malformaciones en el conjunto de hospitales integrantes de la red. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de los datos recogidos prospectivamente en la base de datos SEN1500. Se compararon los datos de crecimiento somatométrico a los 2 años de edad corregida en los grupos según el peso al nacimiento y el sexo. Se analizaron entre estos grupos las alteraciones motoras, la incidencia de parálisis cerebral, las alteraciones visuales y auditivas y el desarrollo neuromadurativo anormal para la edad de gestación. Se estudió la asociación de parálisis cerebral con factores perinatales. Resultados: El 44,2% de los niños seguidos a los 2 años tuvieron un peso < 2 desviaciones estándar; presentaron peor evolución en todos los parámetros somatométricos los niños con peso al nacimiento ≤ 1.000 g. El 6,96% de los niños tuvo algún tipo de dificultad motora, estando el 4,56% de ellos diagnosticados de parálisis cerebral. Su incidencia fue mayor entre los varones con peso ≤ 1.000 g. Hubo una incidencia de alteraciones visuales del 5,21%, siendo ciegos de uno o ambos ojos el 0,5% de los niños. La parálisis cerebral se asoció con retinopatía del prematuro grave, hemorragia intraventricular grave y leucomalacia periventricular, en especial la leucomalacia periventricular quística (AU)

Objective: To describe growth and neurodevelopmental status of 4,944 children who completed a follow-up at two years of corrected age out of the 10,456 newborns with weight ≤1500 g born between the years 2002-2007 and discharged from hospitals within the network SEN1500. A total of 522 newborns were excluded as they had some type of malformation. The total number of children assessed represents the 49.76% of children discharged alive and without malformations. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted using prospectively collected data in the SEN1500 database. We compared growth data at two years of corrected age according to birth weight and sex. Motor impairment, incidence of cerebral palsy, visual and hearing disabilities, and abnormal neurodevelopment for gestational age were analysed between groups. We studied the associations between cerebral palsy (CP) and perinatal factors. Results: At 2 years of age 44.2% of children had a weight < 2 SD for corrected age. Children with birth weight ≤1000 g showed worse outcomes in growth. Some type of motor impairment was observed in 6.96% of the infants, and 4.56% of them were diagnosed with CP. The incidence was higher among males with birth weight ≤1000 g. There was an incidence of 5.21% of visual disability, with 0.5% of children being blind in one or both eyes. Cerebral palsy was associated with retinopathy of prematurity, severe intraventricular haemorrhage, and periventricular leukomalacia, in particular cystic periventricular leukomalacia (AU)

Sinus pericranii. Serie de 5 casos / Sinus pericranii. A series of 5 cases

El sinus pericranii es una malformación vascular rara en la cual existe una comunicación anormal entre el sistema venoso extracraneal y los senos venosos durales. La historia natural, en la mayoría de casos, es la de una anomalía vascular en línea media craneal desde la nariz hasta el occipucio, que aumenta progresivamente de tamaño. Las opciones terapéuticas son diversas: desde la observación de la lesión hasta la embolización del componente intracerebral o la exéresis completa tanto del componente extra como intracraneal. En todas estas circunstancias pueden producirse complicaciones potencialmente letales, como son la trombosis y la hemorragia cerebrales. Describimos nuestra experiencia en el manejo del sinus pericranii, destacando la importancia del abordaje terapéutico multidisciplinar de esta infrecuente entidad (AU)

Sinus pericranii is a rare vascular anomaly in which an abnormal communication exists between the extracranial venous system and the dural venous sinuses. The natural history in most cases consists of a purplish nodule in the frontal region that may gradually increase in size. Different treatment options can be chosen: from observation of the lesion, to endovascular embolization of intracerebral component or a complete resection of both anomalous components (extra- and intra-cranial) by surgery. In this context, potential life-threatening complications including thrombosis and cerebral hemorrhage can occur. Here we present our experience in management of sinus pericranii, and emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach of this uncommon entity (AU)

[Outcome at two years corrected age of a cohort of very low birth weight infants from hospitals within the neonatal SEN1500 network]. / Evolución a los 2 años de edad corregida de una cohorte de recién nacidos con peso inferior o igual a 1.500g de los hospitales pertenecientes a la red neonatal SEN1500.

OBJECTIVE: To describe growth and neurodevelopmental status of 4,944 children who completed a follow-up at two years of corrected age out of the 10,456 newborns with weight ≤1500g born between the years 2002-2007 and discharged from hospitals within the network SEN1500. A total of 522 newborns were excluded as they had some type of malformation. The total number of children assessed represents the 49.76% of children discharged alive and without malformations. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted using prospectively collected data in the SEN1500 database. We compared growth data at two years of corrected age according to birth weight and sex. Motor impairment, incidence of cerebral palsy, visual and hearing disabilities, and abnormal neurodevelopment for gestational age were analysed between groups. We studied the associations between cerebral palsy (CP) and perinatal factors. RESULTS: At 2 years of age 44.2% of children had a weight <2 SD for corrected age. Children with birth weight ≤1000g showed worse outcomes in growth. Some type of motor impairment was observed in 6.96% of the infants, and 4.56% of them were diagnosed with CP. The incidence was higher among males with birth weight ≤1000g. There was an incidence of 5.21% of visual disability, with 0.5% of children being blind in one or both eyes. Cerebral palsy was associated with retinopathy of prematurity, severe intraventricular haemorrhage, and periventricular leukomalacia, in particular cystic periventricular leukomalacia.