Thermal behaviour of chrome shavings and of sludges recovered after digestion of tanned solid wastes with calcium hydroxide.

The thermal behaviour of chrome shavings and of sludges recovered after digestion of tanned wastes with Ca(OH)2 was studied. Ashes obtained after incineration of wastes at various temperatures were analysed by X-ray diffraction and EDX method. The main crystallized phases present in the ash obtained at 600 degrees C are Cr2O3 and NaCl. The diffractograms revealed an increase in the intensities of the chromium oxide peaks and a very notable decrease of the amount of sodium chloride at 1100 degrees C. EDX analysis revealed a total disappearance of the chlorine peak at this temperature. Scanning electron micrographs show that the waste lost its fibrous aspect when the temperature increases. Formation of aggregates was noted after 550 degrees C. Combustion of organic matters and decarbonation phenomenon are the main stages observed on GTA and DTA curves of sludges. These phenomena are, respectively, exothermic and endothermic. The diffractogram of sludges recorded at 550 degrees C, in the presence of a constant oxygen surplus, revealed the presence of CaCrO4 and CaCO3.

Sodium silver tricobalt bis(diphosphate) and sodium silver copper(II) diphosphate.

The crystal structures of two new diphosphates, sodium silver tricobalt bis(diphosphate), (Na(1.42)Ag(0.58))Co(3)(P(2)O(7))(2), and sodium silver copper(II) diphosphate, (Na(1.12)Ag(0.88))CuP(2)O(7), provide examples of the effect of mixing Na and Ag in the same site of known host phosphate compounds. The small differences in ionic radii of the two monocations do not lead to significant differences in the structural details. In the latter compound, the Cu atom lies on an inversion center.

NaMn(6)(P(2)O(7))(2)(P(3)O(10)) and KCd(6)(P(2)O(7))(2)(P(3)O(10)).

The crystal structures of two new diphosphates, sodium hexamanganese bis(diphosphate) triphosphate, NaMn(6)(P(2)O(7))(2)(P(3)O(10)), and potassium hexacadmium bis(diphosphate) triphosphate, KCd(6)(P(2)O(7))(2)(P(3)O(10)), confirm the rigidity of the M(6)(P(2)O(7))(2)(P(3)O(10)) matrix (M is Mn or Cd) and the relatively fixed dimensions of the tunnels extending in the a direction of the unit cell. The compounds are isomorphous; the P(2)O(7)(4-) anion and the alkali metal cations lie on mirror planes. Bond-valence analysis of the bonding details of the atoms found within the tunnels permits a prediction of the conductivity.