RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: With improvement in methods, mortality after duodeno-cefalo pancreatectomy (DCP) has decreased to 5% even if complication rate is still high (30-50%). The pancreatic fistula still occurs in 25-50% of cases. Various methods of treating pancreatic stump have been proposed aimed to improve this rate. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The AA, surgeons of suburban hospital, have performed in five years, 2009-2013, 12 DCP. The pancreatic anastomosis has been in all cases an end-to-end duct-to-mucosa pancreatic-jejunostomy. RESULTS: The prevalence of fistula has been 33% (4 cases, 3 grade A and 1 grade B according with ISGPF score). CONCLUSIONS: Soft pancreas and small size of pancreatic duct are recognized as the mayor factor of risk for pancreatic fistula. In these cases are usually preferred pancreatic-jejunostomy (PJ) and pancreatic-gastro-anastomosis (PG). Both techniques show advantages and disadvantages: some randomized and prospective studies have demonstrated the absence of significative differences respect to the prevalence of pancreatic fistulas. Whipple method has been the most often used reconstructive method: a single loop with bile-pancreatic anastomosis and gastro-pancreatic anastomosis in sequence. A careful evaluation of pancretic tissue and Wirsung size with the aim of choosing the most suitable technique and an accurate execution are the most effective methods to prevent pancreatic fistula,even considering particular setting as elderly patient or HIV infection.
Assuntos
Fístula Pancreática/etiologia , Fístula Pancreática/cirurgia , Pancreaticoduodenectomia/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Anastomose Cirúrgica/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Jejunostomia/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Pancreaticoduodenectomia/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
Meganatural brand grape seed extract (GSE) and grape skin extract (GSKE), containing proanthocyanidin (PAC) polyphenolic compounds, are intended for use in food as functional ingredients exhibiting antioxidant activity. Proanthocyanidins, as well as the minor constituent phenolic compounds in GSE and GSKE, are present naturally in many foods such as fruits, vegetables, chocolate, tea, etc., and on average people consume 460-1000 mg/day of these combined substances. Although humans have ingested PACs for centuries without reported adverse effects, the current toxicology literature contains relatively little formal evidence regarding their safety. Accordingly, as part of a program to investigate the safety of GSE and GSKE, these products were incorporated into chow and fed to rats for at least 3 months in a GLP-compliant subchronic toxicity study. Groups of CD (Sprague-Dawley) Crl:CD IGS BR rats (20 males and 20 females per group) were fed diets containing GSE at concentrations of 0, 0.63, 1.25 or 2.5% (w/w); GSKE was fed at 2.5% (w/w) only. Clinical observations were recorded and body weight and feed consumption measured throughout the study. After 1 month, blood was obtained from 10 rats/sex/group by retrobulbar puncture for interim measurement of clinical pathology. At the end of the study the rats were subjected to a full necropsy, aortic blood samples were collected for clinical pathology, selected organs were weighed and a complete list of tissues was preserved from all animals. Histologic examination was performed on all tissues from control and high-dose GSE and GSKE groups. There were no treatment-related changes that were considered to be of toxicologic significance. Therefore, a dietary concentration of 2.5% GSE or 2.5% GSKE was considered to be a no-observed-adverse effect level (NOAEL). This was equivalent to a time-weighted average dose over the course of the study of approximately 1.78 g/kg body weight/day GSE or GSKE in male rats and 2.15 g/kg body weight/day in female rats.
Assuntos
Antocianinas/toxicidade , Antioxidantes/toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Proantocianidinas , Sementes/química , Vitis/química , Administração Oral , Animais , Antocianinas/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Análise Química do Sangue , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Masculino , Nível de Efeito Adverso não Observado , Oftalmoscopia , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenóis , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fatores Sexuais , Testes de ToxicidadeRESUMO
The ability of cloned human O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase to repair a methylated guanine in a CpG-containing sequence, i.e., island, was studied by using a synthetic double-stranded 20-mer oligonucleotide from codon 248 of the p53 gene and another designed sequence. The double-stranded oligonucleotides incorporating 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and O6-methylguanine (O6mG) in various combinations in a CpG site were 5' labeled with 32P and incubated with recombinant O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. The rate constant for O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase repair of O6mG in this oligomer was always higher with the substrate which contained only the O6mG, as compared to the oligomer that included a 5mC adjacent in the 5'-position to the methylated guanine. The reduction in substrate activity ranged from 75% (modified p53 sequence) to 100% (in the designed oligomer). A 5mC opposite the O6mG reduced the rate slightly. These results suggest that O6-methylation of the guanine moiety at CpG islands may not be efficiently repaired when normal 5mC is present and this may contribute significantly to an increase in mutagenesis of p53 and like molecules.
Assuntos
Citosina/análogos & derivados , Reparo do DNA , Genes p53 , Guanina/análogos & derivados , Metiltransferases/metabolismo , 5-Metilcitosina , Sequência de Bases , Citosina/metabolismo , Genes p53/genética , Guanina/metabolismo , Humanos , Metilação , Metiltransferases/antagonistas & inibidores , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mutação , O(6)-Metilguanina-DNA MetiltransferaseRESUMO
The authors compared the efficacy of ketorolac trometamin (30 mg i.m. every 6 hours) and buprenorphine (0.3 mg i.m. every 12 hours) in the treatment of pain following cholecystectomy. Ketorolac was found to be equally efficacious in comparison to buprenorphine and caused fewer side effects.
Assuntos
Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Buprenorfina/uso terapêutico , Colecistectomia/efeitos adversos , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Tolmetino/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Cetorolaco , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dor Pós-Operatória/etiologia , Tolmetino/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Based on their personal experience the authors affirm that if treated early congenital diaphragmatic hernia may be resolved provided no congenital anomalies are present. Pulmonary hypoplasia is secondary to the presence of viscera in the thorax, but excellent results can be obtained if early surgery is performed and provided negative-pressure thoracic drainage and correct anesthesia are ensured. Mortality is due to associated visceral malformations.
Assuntos
Hérnias Diafragmáticas Congênitas , Diafragma/cirurgia , Emergências , Feminino , Hérnia Diafragmática/complicações , Hérnia Diafragmática/cirurgia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Monitorização Intraoperatória , Respiração Artificial , Insuficiência Respiratória/etiologia , Insuficiência Respiratória/cirurgiaAssuntos
Benzo(a)pireno/metabolismo , Benzo(a)pireno/toxicidade , Adutos de DNA , DNA/metabolismo , Animais , Hidrocarboneto de Aril Hidroxilases/metabolismo , Benzo(a)pireno/administração & dosagem , Tetracloreto de Carbono/administração & dosagem , Tetracloreto de Carbono/toxicidade , Clorobenzenos/administração & dosagem , Clorobenzenos/toxicidade , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/metabolismo , Masculino , Compostos Organometálicos/administração & dosagem , Compostos Organometálicos/toxicidade , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos F344Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline/psicologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline/terapia , Criança , Maus-Tratos Infantis , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/complicações , Família , HumanosRESUMO
A method of primary closure following excision of pilonidal cysts and sinus was used in 38 cases. The criteria for patient selection are described as is the technique and procedure. Special attention must be placed on the obliteration of all "dead spaces" to eliminate accumulation of serum and blood. The dressing is not changed for a minimum of eight days, and pressure must be maintained for that time to assure success. In all cases complete closure was obtained. The advantages of this technique over the open procedure is explained.