Parity-violating deep inelastic scattering and the flavor dependence of the EMC effect.

Isospin-dependent nuclear forces play a fundamental role in nuclear structure. In relativistic models of nuclear structure constructed at the quark level these isovector nuclear forces affect the u and d quarks differently, leading to nontrivial flavor-dependent modifications of the nuclear parton distributions. We explore the effect of isospin dependent forces for parity-violating deep inelastic scattering on nuclear targets and demonstrate that the cross sections for nuclei with N ≠ Z are sensitive to the flavor dependence of the EMC effect. Indeed, for nuclei like lead and gold we find that these flavor-dependent effects are large.

Isovector EMC effect and the NuTeV anomaly.

A neutron or proton excess in nuclei leads to an isovector-vector mean field which, through its coupling to the quarks in a bound nucleon, implies a shift in the quark distributions with respect to the Bjorken scaling variable. We show that this result leads to an additional correction to the NuTeV measurement of sin2thetaW. The sign of this correction is largely model independent and acts to reduce their result. Explicit calculation in nuclear matter within a covariant and confining Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model predicts that this vector field correction may account for a substantial fraction of the NuTeV anomaly. We are therefore led to offer a new interpretation of the NuTeV measurement, namely, that it provides further evidence for the medium modification of the bound nucleon wave function.

Spin-dependent structure functions in nuclear matter and the polarized EMC effect.

An excellent description of both spin-independent and spin-dependent quark distributions and structure functions has been obtained with a modified Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model, which is free of unphysical thresholds for nucleon decay into quarks--hence incorporating an important aspect of confinement. We utilize this model to investigate nuclear medium modifications to structure functions and find that we are readily able to reproduce both nuclear matter saturation and the experimental F2N(A)/F2N ratio, that is, the European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect. Applying this framework to determine g1p(A), we find that the ratio g1p(A)/g1p differs significantly from unity, with the quenching caused by the nuclear medium being about twice that of the spin-independent case. This represents an exciting result, which, if confirmed experimentally, will reveal much about the quark structure of nuclear matter.

Plasmacytoma as a cause of obstructive sleep apnea.

Solitary extramedullary plasmacytomas are uncommon neoplasms. They occur most frequently in the upper aerodigestive tract and account for 4% of the nonepithelial tumors in this site. The evolution of a plasmacytoma is unsteady and symptoms at presentation have included dystonia, dysphagia, oral pain, cough, and dyspnea on exertion. Plasmacytoma of the upper aerodigestive tract has not been previously reported as a cause of obstructive sleep apnea.

[Aspects of healthy and pathologically changed laryngeal epithelium in a model. 2]. / Aspekte des gesunden und pathologisch veränderten Larynxepithels im Modell. 2 Mitteilung.

Atrophy of laryngeal epithel at aged men can in model according to the literature lead back on prolongation of mitosis cycles. An increasing tendency of cornification and decreasing formation of pegs in range of basilar membrane are also demonstrable. Formation and development of a tumor instance a pathological evolution of tissue in model.

[Healthy and pathologically changed laryngeal epithelium in a model. 1]. / Aspekte des gesunden und pathologisch veränderten Larynxepithels im Modell. 1. Mitteilung.

This model attempts to consummate the biological processes of laryngeal epithel on a biophysical basis with the end of prediction optimally therapeutic methods.