[Oxidative stress development in the tissues of salivary glands of rats in conditions of monosodium glutamate-induced obesity].

Pathogenic mechanisms of damage of salivary glands under obesity are an insufficiently studied problem of modem medicine. On experimental model of obesity induced by monosodium glutamate, free-radical processes and antioxidant defense system were studied in the tissues of salivary glands of rats. Under experimental obesity induced by monosodium glutamate there is a significant increase of the content of thio-barbituric acid reactive substances and a significant decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Thus, it indicates to the misbalance of prooxidant and antioxidant systems and the development of oxidative stress.

[The changes of the motor function of the stomach and the colon under the action of the nanocrystalline cerium dioxide].

We investigated the effect of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide on parameters of spontaneous and stimulated motility of the stomach and colon in rats. It was found that administration of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide for 10 days increased the amplitude of contractions of stimulated motility in the stomach by 33.0 +/- 2.4% and the frequency of contractions of the colon by 80.3 +/- 7.5%. In this group, the introduction of carbachol also increased the frequency of the contractions by 274.0 +/- 22.9%, compared to the control group. The administration of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide increased the index of motor activity of spontaneous and stimulated motility of the stomach by 19.8 +/- 1.4 and 14.5 +/- 9.0%, respectively. In the colon, the motor activity increased by 14.3 +/- 1.1 and 11.1 +/- 0.8%, respectively. We also found that the nanocrystalline cerium dioxide rebuilt morphological condition of the mucous of the colon.

[Exocrine function of the pancreas in rats with experimental obesity].

The influence of neonatal administration of hyperosmolar sodium chloride and sodium glutamate on the exocrine function of the pancreas in rats has been investigated. It was observed the development of acute pancreatitis under experimental obesity. The cross-section area of acini reduced by 12%, the cross-section area of acinocytes nuclei increased by 10%, the length between the lobes of the gland has grown by 48%. The level of amylase was increased by 43%, the levels of pancreatic amylase and lipase were increased by 68% and 24%, respectively.

[New approach for treatment of chronic pancreatitis, caused by L-arginine, in rats].

Impact of rofecoxib on progressing of pancreatic fibrous changes in the rats in experimental chronic pancreatitis, caused by L-arginine, was studied up. In 60 male rats chronic pancreatitis was simulated, using intraabdominal L-arginine introduction (100 mg/100 g) through 21 days. Rofecoxib (5 mg/kg) was injected during 14 days to rats of the main group after L-arginine injections were completed. In 35 days of experiment the animals state, the pancreatic amylase and lipase activity in the blood serum, as well as morphological changes in pancreatic gland, were analyzed. Application of rofecoxib have had promoted the postponed pancreatic fibrosis formation, the morphofunctional state of pancreatic gland improvement. The data obtained constitute the experimental substantiation of possibility to apply nonsteroid antiinflammatory medicines in complex of clinical treatment of chronic pancreatitis.

[Changes of NO-ergic activity in the salivary glands of rats under conditions of omeprazole-induced hypergastrinemia].

Under conditions of omeprazole-induced hypergastrinemia the activity of NOS and the concentration of NO2-, the end product of metabolism of nitric oxide were studied in salivary glands of rats. We detected an increase in NOS activity, reaching a maximum (7.61+/-0.39 Mmol [NO2-]/(g*min) at 14th day of the experiment. At 28th day following omeprazole introduction its activity was 5,76+/-0.25 Mmol [NO2-]/(g*min).

[Effect of acidophilic multiprobiotic symbiter on pathological changes in bone periodontal tissue under hypo-acidic condition].

The omeprazole-induced hypoacidity leads to metabolic disorders in the bone periodontal tissue: a disbalance of NO-ergic system, activation of collagen and noncollagen proteins catabolism. We have shown that such disorders are corrected by a multiprobiotic of new generation -- symbiter acidophilic.

[Effect of long-term monosodium glutamate administration on structure and functional state of the stomach and body weight in rats].

The influence of prolonged administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on basal gastric acid secretion, body weight and gastric mucosa in rats was studied. We found that 10-, 20-, 30-days feeding by MSG in doses 15 to 30 mg/kg (equivalent to I and 2 g/person) leads to erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastric mucosa and an increased secretion of hydrochloric acid and an increased body weight. It is concluded that the stimulating effect of MSG on the basal secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach may be implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of acid-dependent diseases. An excessive consumption of MSG can cause a "Chinese Restaurant Syndrome" and gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers. Therefore, the maximum dose of MSG should be reconsidered taking into account its influence on the secretory capacity of the stomach. We also conclude that prolonged, excessive and systemic consumption of MSG causes obesity.

[Zinc and the secretory material content in blood granulocytes and in basal parts of intestine crypts during stress].

Zinc and the secretory material content in blood granulocytes and the Paneth cells of the rats increased by single physical load and immobilization. On the contrary, multiple physical loads and immobilization decreased the concentration of these components in the cells. Positive correlation of changes in both cell types pointed for possible functional connection between them.

[Zinc and insulin level in islet cells under various functional state of insular apparatus].

The work is devoted to the study of zinc role in pancreas incretory function. Golden hamster and human pancreatic beta cells were investigated under varions functional state of insular apparatus. An increase of zinc and insulin content in islet beta cells was observed during inhibition of its' secretory activity and decrease of both components content in the cells occurred after intensifying of its' activity. Under pancreatic diabetes zinc and insulin quantities in beta cells were significantly less the norm. The results of comparative investigations confirm the thesis concerning this metal and hormone connection in beta-insulocytes.

[Changes in epithelium transport system function and morphological indexes in the colon mucosa of rats with hypergastrinemia of different duration].

The role of gastrin in epithelium water and electrolyte (Na+, K+, CI-) transport in comparison with mucosal morphological indexes (crypt depth, thickness of colonic mucosa and epitheliocytes nuclear profound area) was investigated by using of omeprazole-induced (OM) hypergastrinemia model (for 1-4 weeks) and in vivo perfusing technique in rats. Short-term hypergastrinemia (for 1-2 weeks) caused the alterations in electroneutral absorption of NaCl. Prolongation of hypergastrinemia influence up to 3 weeks had entailed the first manifestation of the trophic effect on colonic mucosa expressed in alterations of electrogenic sodium absorption and increased crypt depth with a thickened colonic mucosa. Prolonged OM-induced hypergastrinemia (for 4 weeks) had led to decreased colonocytes differentiation level with an increased crypt depth, a thickened colonic mucosa and decreased epitheliocytes nuclear profound area which in turn have provoked the decreasing in net water and NaCl absorption.

[Changes of zinc content in blood and cells of various organs in stress].

It was shown in experiments on rabbit and mice that acute stress induced increase in glycemia and zinc content of blood granulocytes, hippocampus, beta-insulocytes, the cells of intestinal krypts basal departments and prostate terminal departments. Such changes also occurred under adrenaline and prednisolone injections. On the contrary, the decrease in glycemia and cell zinc content is induced by pilocarpine injections. The data obtained indicate the role of sympato-adrenale system in regulation of cell zinc metabolism. The increase in cell zinc content under acute stress is accompanied by decrease of given metal concentration in blood plasma. This situation is evidently connected with zinc dislocation from the plasma into the cells. Zinc content changes in the cells of experimental animals were in conformity with their secretory material quantity changes, indicating possible functional connections of both components in the cells.

[The role of short chain fatty acids and lactate in regulation of the gastric secretion].

The investigation was carried out in acute experiments by means of isolated stomach perfusion by Ghosh and Shild and in chronic experiments in dogs with fistula of the stomach and duodenum. In rats with intact nervous system lactulose as the source of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) diminished basal and stimulated by insulin, pentagastrin and histamine gastric acid secretion. By contrast it did not influence carbachol gastric acid secretion. In dogs with intact nervous system lactulose also suppressed the intensity, debit of acid and pepsin of gastric juice stimulated by insulin and histamine. It suggests that the effect of lactulose does not dependent on kinds of animals. Truncal vagotomy removed the inhibitory action of lactulose on pentagastrin and histamine gastric acid secretion in rats. SCFAs and lactic acid suppressed pentagastrin gastric acid secretion in rats. Lactulose, propionate potassium, lactate potassium enhanced the blood glucose level. Truncal vagotomy did not influence the increase of the blood glucose level evoked by lactulose. It is concluded that SCFAs decreases gastric secretion in the third intestinal phase through central inhibition. The mechanism of inhibitory action of lactic and propionic acids depends on their role in the liver gluconeogenesis which leads to increase of the blood glucose level. Hyperglycemia as it is known suppress gastric secretion through diminishing of neural cholinergic activity of nerves vagus.

[Extended selective proximal vagotomy]. / Rozshyrena selektyvna proksymal'na vahotomiia.

In chronic experiments on dogs with gastric fundus fistula it was established that the isolated vagotomy of greater curvature had promoted the substantial reducing of gastric secretion, stimulated by insulin, pentagastrin, carbachol and histamine.

[The pharmacological blockade of the cardiac and gastric enteric ganglia by a new parasympatholytic]. / Farmakolohichna blokada sertsevykh i enteral'nykh hanhliïv shlunka novym parasympatolitykom.

The blocking effects of a newly synthetized compound N-decyltropine bromide (IEM-1556), on pentagastrin-, carbachol- and histamine-induced gastric secretion in chronic dogs, on stress-induced changes in gastric mucosa in rats, on vagus-induced effect in heart and on arterial blood pressure in rats were studied. The effects were compared with those produced by hexamethonium, a conventional ganglionic blocking agent. IEM-1556 inhibited gastric secretion and acid output for a much longer time than hexamethonium did. It also effectively protected gastric mucosa against stress-induced erosions and hemorrhages. IEM-1556 much more effectively blocked the vagus-induced reduction of the heart rate than hexamethonium did, and, in contrast to latter, did not reduce the arterial blood pressure. The results suggest that IEM-1556 is a highly selective blocking agent for parasympathetic and enteric ganglia versus sympathetic ganglia.

[Experimental substantiation of extragastric vagotomy in the surgical treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer]. / Eksperymental'ne obhruntuvannia zastosuvannia ékstrahastral'noï vahotomiï v khirurhichnomu likuvanni vyrazkovoï khvoroby shlunka ta dvanadtsiatipaloï kyshky.

The small intestine vagotomy influence on gastric secretion function, stimulated by pentagastrin and carbachol, was investigated while chronic experiment on dogs with gastric fundal and duodenal fistulas. The comparative analysis of influence of extragastric selective proximal, selective distal, selective and truncal vagotomy on gastric secretion in various terms after operative intervention was also conducted. In 6 months after conduction of various kinds of vagotomy the reduction of hydrochloric acid secretion, stimulated by pentagastrin, was noted.