Polymorphisms in the fetal progesterone receptor and a calcium-activated potassium channel isoform are associated with preterm birth in an Argentinian population.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate genetic etiologies of preterm birth (PTB) in Argentina through evaluation of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes and population genetic admixture. STUDY DESIGN: Genotyping was performed in 389 families. Maternal, paternal and fetal effects were studied separately. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was sequenced in 50 males and 50 females. Y-chromosome anthropological markers were evaluated in 50 males. RESULT: Fetal association with PTB was found in the progesterone receptor (PGR, rs1942836; P=0.004). Maternal association with PTB was found in small conductance calcium activated potassium channel isoform 3 (KCNN3, rs883319; P=0.01). Gestational age associated with PTB in PGR rs1942836 at 32-36 weeks (P=0.0004). MtDNA sequencing determined 88 individuals had Amerindian consistent haplogroups. Two individuals had Amerindian Y-chromosome consistent haplotypes. CONCLUSION: This study replicates single locus fetal associations with PTB in PGR, maternal association in KCNN3, and demonstrates possible effects for divergent racial admixture on PTB.

Nasopharyngeal CPAP: a nursing art.

CPAP, the use of continuous positive airway pressure as a means of providing respiratory support to the infant, has been studied since the early 1970s. A variety of delivery methods has been used. One method, that of providing CPAP through a single nasopharvngeal tube, is reviewed here. The process of delivering nasopharyngeal CPAP can be technically difficult, and requires careful attention to the infant and the CPAP system. The ability to anticipate and troubleshoot problems is essential. Done well, this process truly shows off the art of nursing.