Spheresomes are the main extracellular vesicles in low-grade gliomas.

Cancer progression and its impact on treatment response and prognosis is deeply regulated by tumour microenvironment (TME). Cancer cells are in constant communication and modulate TME through several mechanisms, including transfer of tumour-promoting cargos through extracellular vesicles (EVs) or oncogenic signal detection by primary cilia. Spheresomes are a specific EV that arise from rough endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi vesicles. They accumulate beneath cell membrane and are released to the extracellular medium through multivesicular spheres. This study describes spheresomes in low-grade gliomas using electron microscopy. We found that spheresomes are more frequent than exosomes in these tumours and can cross the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, the distinct biogenesis processes of these EVs result in unique cargo profiles, suggesting different functional roles. We also identified primary cilia in these tumours. These findings collectively contribute to our understanding of glioma progression and metastasis.

Primary cilia presence and implications in bladder cancer progression and invasiveness.

Urothelial bladder cancer is the tenth most common cancer worldwide. It is divided into muscle and non-muscle invading bladder cancer. Primary cilia have been related to several cancer hallmarks such as proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) or tumoral progression mainly through signaling pathways as Hedgehog (Hh). In the present study, we used immunohistochemical and ultrastructural techniques in human tissues of healthy bladder, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) to study and clarify the activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and Hedgehog signaling pathway and the presence of primary cilia. Thus, we found a clear correlation between EMT and Hedgehog activation and bladder cancer stage and progression. Moreover, we identified the presence of primary cilia in these tissues. Interestingly, we found that in NMIBC, some ciliated cells cross the basement membrane and localized in lamina propria, near blood vessels. These results show a correlation between EMT beginning from urothelial basal cells and primary cilia assembly and suggest a potential implication of this structure in tumoral migration and invasiveness (likely in a Hh-dependent way). Hence, primary cilia may play a fundamental role in urothelial bladder cancer progression and suppose a potential therapeutic target.

El refuerzo educativo del paciente con claudicación mayor de 65 años, ¿puede mejorar su calidad de vida? / Health education reinforcement in patients aged more than 65 years with intermittent claudication

El objetivo del estudio es averiguar si la intervención de enfermería, en forma de refuerzo educativo de las medidas higiénico-dietéticas del enfermo afecto de claudicación intermitente en estadio I-II de la escala de La Fontaine, influye en la calidad de vida de los pacientes mayores de 65 años. Para ello se ha diseñado un estudio aleatorizado con intervención.El grupo de intervención ha sido sometido a un programa de educación sanitaria oral y escrito. El grupo control no ha recibido educación reglada, pero se le han aclarado dudas. Se ha recogido información sobre factores que influyen en el pronóstico de la enfermedad y se ha utilizado el cuestionario SF-36 para la valoración de la calidad de vida. No se han hallado diferencias en la percepción de la calidad de vida asociada a la salud entre ambos grupos, aunque en el grupo de intervención hay una tendencia a la mejoría de los hábitos higiénicos. Ante estos resultados, es probable que programas de intervención de enfermería puedan ayudar a mejorar las condiciones de estos enfermos (AU)