Long-term immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in children and adolescents.

BACKGROUND: This analysis examined the durability of antibodies present after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in children and adolescents. METHODS: Data were collected over 4 time points between October 2020-November 2022 as part of a prospective population-based cohort aged 5-to-19 years (N = 810). Results of the (1) Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoassay for detection of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (Roche N-test); and (2) qualitative and semi-quantitative detection of antibodies to the SARS CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (Roche S-test); and (3) self-reported antigen/PCR COVID-19 test results, vaccination and symptom status were analyzed. RESULTS: N antibody levels reached a median of 84.10 U/ml (IQR: 20.2, 157.7) cutoff index (COI) ~ 6 months post-infection and increased slightly to a median of 85.25 (IQR: 28.0, 143.0) COI at 12 months post-infection. Peak S antibody levels were reached at a median of 2500 U/mL ~6 months post-vaccination and remained for ~12 months (mean 11.6 months, SD 1.20). CONCLUSIONS: This analysis provides evidence of robust durability of nucleocapsid and spike antibodies in a large pediatric sample up to 12 months post-infection/vaccination. This information can inform pediatric SARS-CoV-2 vaccination schedules. IMPACT: This study provided evidence of robust durability of both nucleocapsid and spike antibodies in a large pediatric sample up to 12 months after infection. Little is known about the long-term durability of natural and vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the pediatric population. Here, we determined the durability of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (S-test) and nucleocapsid protein (N-test) in children/adolescents after SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination lasts at least up to 12 months. This information can inform future SARS-CoV-2 vaccination schedules in this age group.

The long-term effect of pulsed dye laser on Necrobiosis Lipoidica: A case study.

A 57-year-old female was presented with an irrepressible case of Necrobiosis Lipoidica considering the possibility of a surgical skin graft. Instead, a pulsed dye laser treatment was used as an alternate treatment. Previous case studies have been found in the literature on the effect of pulsed dye laser on Necrobiosis Lipoidica. The use of a pulsed dye laser in this case resulted in rendering the lesions asymptomatic for pain and a reduction in volume. Prolonged control was exhibited. From this case, we conclude that pulsed dye laser therapy is effective when increasing the number of treatments of laser therapy, and can be used as a treatment for Necrobiosis Lipoidica.

The effect of recurrent pulsed dye laser treatments in rosacea patients.

BACKGROUND: Rosacea is common chronic skin condition and is known to have a negative impact on patient's quality of life. The use of pulsed dye laser treatment to improve quality of life is well documented in the literature. Prior work has emphasized a single series of laser treatments but we investigated the effect of recurrent pulsed dye laser treatment on patient's symptomatology and quality of life. METHODS: We designed an 8 question survey about patient's rosacea symptoms, prior treatments, effectiveness of prior treatments, benefit of the laser treatments, and number of laser treatments. The survey (Figure 1) was offered to all patients over the age of 18 who were beginning or currently undergoing pulsed dye laser treatments who previously failed medical management for their erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. RESULTS: Fifty patients completed the study. Patients had significant improvement in symptoms and show statistically significant benefit of repeated pulse dye laser treatment for rosacea versus a single series of treatments. CONCLUSION: Our study is unique in that it provides evidence that recurrent pulse dye laser treatments are beneficial to patients by improving quality of life and decreasing symptoms. This finding supports the notion that chronic treatment is needed for this chronic disease.