RESUMO
Scots pine is one of the most widely occurring pines, but future projections suggest a large reduction in its range, mostly at the southern European limits. A significant part of its range is located in the Caucasus, a global hot-spot of diversity. Pine forests are an important reservoir of biodiversity and endemism in this region. We explored demographic and biogeographical processes that shaped the genetic diversity of Scots pine in the Caucasus ecoregion and its probable future distribution under different climate scenarios. We found that the high genetic variability of the Caucasian populations mirrors a complex glacial and postglacial history that had a unique evolutionary trajectory compared to the main range in Europe. Scots pine currently grows under a broad spectrum of climatic conditions in the Caucasus, which implies high adaptive potential in the past. However, the current genetic resources of Scots pine are under high pressure from climate change. From our predictions, over 90% of the current distribution of Scots pine may be lost in this century. By threatening the stability of the forest ecosystems, this would dramatically affect the biodiversity of the Caucasus hot-spot.
Assuntos
Aclimatação/genética , Mudança Climática , Ecossistema , Evolução Molecular , Florestas , Genes de Plantas , Pinus sylvestris/genética , Árvores/genética , Biodiversidade , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , DNA de Plantas/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , República da Geórgia , Repetições de Microssatélites , Pinus sylvestris/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Árvores/crescimento & desenvolvimento , TurquiaRESUMO
The purpose of the research was to study the structure of diseases of the submandibular salivary gland, to improve the diagnosis and effectiveness of the surgical treatment of patients with diseases of the submandibular salivary glands. A survey and treatment of 1094 patients with diseases of the submandibular salivary glands was performed. It was revealed that the most common disease of the submandibular salivary gland is calculous submaxillitis in the exacerbated and chronic stages of the inflammatory process (82.1%). Tumors and tumor-like formations of the submandibular glands account for 15.3% (167 patients), among which tumor-like formations were detected in 6.0%, and benign and malignant tumors of the submandibular glands were found in 94.0% of cases. Postoperative tumor relapses were detected in 2.1% of cases. The reason for them was a violation of the technique of surgical intervention. According to our observations, only the joint use of different diagnostic methods for examining patients with pathology of the submandibular glands (sialography, orthopantomosialography, computed tomosialography, CT, MRI, ultrasound) can significantly increase the diagnostic value of the methods used. The operation must be carried out by simultaneously removing the detected neoplasm with extirpation of the submandibular gland.
Assuntos
Sialografia , Glândula Submandibular , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
The purpose of the research is to clarify the diagnostic value of the ultrasound examination method in the diagnosis of tumors of the parotid gland. A clinical examination of 389 patients with tumors and tumor-like neoplasms of the parotid gland was performed. Based on the clinical examination of patients with tumors of the parotid glands, it can be concluded that the ultrasound examination method is highly informative and allows you to study in detail the structure of the tumor and the surrounding soft tissues, which significantly increases its diagnostic value. The use of a comprehensive diagnostic examination (ultrasound, CT, MRI) of patients with tumors of the parotid glands made it possible to increase the accuracy of the differential diagnosis of tumors to 98%.
Assuntos
Glândula Parótida/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Parotídeas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Parotídeas/patologia , Glândulas Salivares/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Endoscopic adenoidectomy with shaver is a safe, precise and fast procedure with minimal blood loss. With the help of this method, adenoids are completely removed without damage to adjacent tissues. Use of endoscope provides the possibility to display the operation on the screen in enlarged format and if applicable, the operation may be recorded. Controlled resection of tissues with shaver minimizes complications to the extent possible. 50 patients have been participated in the prospective study, all these patients had adenoidectomy with shaver, within the period from January 2019 to June 2020 inclusive. Age range was 2-26 years old. In order to determine efficacy of the method during the operation course, attention is to be paid to the following criteria: duration of the operation, blood loss, complications, perfection, depth of wound, satisfaction of a surgeon and recovery period. Average duration of the operation accounted for 15 minutes (10-20 minutes) and average blood loss was 30ml (within the range of 24-42ml). Complete resection was made under visual control amid insignificant complications, adequate depth of wound and surgeons' high satisfaction was achieved. Adenoidectomy with shaver is a fast, precise and safe procedure. The operation is made through full visual control, accordingly, complete resection of adenoids is carried out without damage to adjacent tissues ensuring a minimum chance for postoperative complications.
