RESUMO
Using fMRI, we observed cortical activity associated with nociceptive hot and cold sensations applied to hand and foot that are not spatially restricted to the corresponding regions of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI). Hot (55-57 degrees C) and cold (0-2 degrees C) tactile stimuli were applied separately to the right hand and foot of eight right-handed subjects. Although somatotopic mapping of hand and foot was observed as expected based on the Penfield homunculus, activations associated with hot during both hand and foot stimulation and subsequently, cold, activated regions unique to each thermal modality irrespective of the body part. This distributed system for thermal information is present at both nociceptive and more neutral thermal intensities (i.e. warm and cool sensations) indicating the presence of distributed sensory processing associated with thermal-related sensations in human primary sensorimotor cortex.
Assuntos
Mapeamento Encefálico , Nociceptores/fisiologia , Córtex Somatossensorial/fisiologia , Adulto , Temperatura Baixa , Pé/fisiologia , Mãos/fisiologia , Temperatura Alta , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Córtex Somatossensorial/anatomia & histologia , Sensação Térmica/fisiologiaRESUMO
A forty-nine-year-old female with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis was seen with hematuria and a urinary bladder lesion which on cystoscopic examination simulated carcinoma. Microscopic evaluation after segmental resection of the lesion revealed that it was a rheumatoid nodule. Rheumatoid nodules are known to occur in many parts of the body, but an extensive search of the literature has failed to reveal any previous report of urinary bladder involvement.
Assuntos
Carcinoma/diagnóstico , Nódulo Reumatoide , Doenças da Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nódulo Reumatoide/complicações , Nódulo Reumatoide/diagnóstico , Nódulo Reumatoide/patologia , Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Doenças da Bexiga Urinária/etiologia , Doenças da Bexiga Urinária/patologiaRESUMO
A 44-year-old man had Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, diagnosed on the basis of serum protein studies. A predominantly plasmacytic bone-marrow morphology and significant osseous lesions were present. This case and others in the literature indicate that osseous lesions are not uncommon in Waldenstöm's macroglobulinemia, that occasional patients with this disease have proliferation mainly of plasma cells, and that a plasma-cell morphology is usually associated with the development of osteolytic lesions. Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and multiple myeloma may merely be opposite ends of the same disease spectrum, with intermediate forms, such as the case in point, occurring.
