Ovarian development of Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Crustacea: Penaeidae) from Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil.

This study aimed to describe and characterize the stages of gonadal development of females of Xiphopenaeus kroyeri caught by artisanal fishers in Espírito Santo state, southeastern region of Brazil. All females (n= 1,831) were subjected to macroscopic and microscopic morphological analysis (n= 333) of the ovaries. From the morphology, coloration and degree of turgidity of the fresh ovary, macroscopic analysis determined five stages of gonadal development. The macroscopic analysis showed difficulties in differentiating the immature and spawning stages due to the similarity between the colors of the ovaries, which confirms the need to perform the macroscopic and histological analysis simultaneously for fisheries management studies. Microscopic observations allowed us to analyze the following six stages of cell development: oogonia, previtellogenic oocytes, primary vitellogenic oocytes, secondary vitellogenic oocytes, mature oocytes and atretic oocytes. From this, five stages of gonadal development were defined, i.e., immature, early development, advanced development, mature and spawned. The presence of peripheral bodies was not observed in this species. These results help to clarify and better understand the reproductive and population aspects of the Atlantic Seabob, which are fundamental for the establishment of management and conservation measures of this resource.

Alcohol Use among Mexican Youths: Is Familismo Protective for Moderate Drinking?

The construct of familismo has been identified as a potential protective cultural value in Hispanic cultures. This paper considers familismo and alcohol use among young people in Mexico. We conducted a qualitative study using ethnographic open ended interviews with 117 first year students at a large free public university in Mexico City between April-May 2011. The findings indicate that dimensions of familismo can act as protective factors against misuse of alcohol among Mexican youths and may be protective for moderate drinking. Future research should explore the relationship of familismo to gender roles and other cultural values during adolescence. Given the enduring influence of Mexican cultural values among Mexican Americans the research has implications for prevention programs for both Mexican and Mexican American youths.

[Behçet's disease in obstetrics and gynecology]. / Maladie de Behçet en gynécologie-obstétrique.

Behçet's disease is a multisystemic disease of unknown origin characterized by a recurrent bipolar aphtosis (oral and genital) associated with vascular, digestive or articular symptoms. Gynecologists can be faced to this disease at any time of the life of their patients, including during the pregnancy. Given that the first demonstrations of the disease can be genital, they are in the front line to evoke this diagnosis. They thus have to know the main characteristics of the disease to make the diagnosis and to organize a multidisciplinary management. During pregnancy, the treatment of the disease is to be adapted to avoid teratogenic drugs, and adapt the doses of the treatment.

[Pandemic influenza A H1N1 2009 flu during pregnancy: Epidemiology, diagnosis and management]. / Pandémie de grippe A H1N1 2009 et grossesse : épidémiologie, diagnostic et prise en charge.

Pandemic influenza A H1N1 2009 is a benign disease when infecting healthy adults, but it can lead to severe consequences in pregnant woman, for the fetus or its mother. The incidence of the disease is increasing strongly, and health authorities estimate that one third of the world population might be infected before the end of the winter. Diagnosis of infection with influenza virus H1N1 is suspected when a patient presents with the association of symptoms of the respiratory tract like sore throat, cough, or dyspnea, with general signs like fever, myalgias, or exhaustion. Diagnosis confirmation is obtained with nasopharyngeal swab and virus detection with molecular biology. This flu can lead to severe consequences for the pregnant woman and fetus. For this reason, it is advisable to treat pregnant women systematically by oseltamivir or zanamivir, and to treat preventively the pregnant woman in case of close contact with a suspected or confirmed infected person. Even if the management of influenza A H1N1 2009 infection during pregnancy relies on family physicians and gynecologists, every physician having in charge such cases should regularly update his knowledge regarding the evolution of the recommendations for the pandemic.

[Bowel obstruction revealing post-traumatic diaphragmatic hernia in a pregnant woman]. / Syndrome occlusif chez une femme enceinte révélant une hernie diaphragmatique post-traumatique méconnue.

We describe a case of late post-traumatic diaphragmatic hernia revealed during pregnancy by bowel obstruction. The diagnosis was made during exploratory laparotomy at 29 weeks. After surgical repair of the hernia the pregnancy went to term uneventfully. A healthy baby was delivered at 39 weeks by elective cesarean section.

[Oral anti-coagulants in an urban health centre. The first years results]. / Anticoagulación oral en un centro de salud urbano. Resultados del primer año.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the management of oral anti-coagulation treatment (OAT) by family doctors and nurses from a health centre (HC) during its first year. DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional study.Setting. La Chana, an urban HC in Granada, covering 19,362 inhabitants in family care units. PARTICIPANTS: 220 patients with acenocumarol prescribed during the year 2000. The criterion for inclusion was to have at least 3 OAT check-ups a year. 24 people were excluded.Interventions. Recruitment by personal invitation at the clinic. Capillary blood analyses and dose adjustments by the 10 nurses and 10 family doctors of the HC. Internationally recognised therapeutic ranges. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Prevalence of OAT: prescriptions of acenocumarol. Recruitment: patients monitored at the HC. INDICATIONS: those found in the clinical records. Monitoring: % of patients with INR within range in final annual check-up. COMPLICATIONS: rate of haemorrhages, thrombo-embolic accidents and other secondary effects. RESULTS: 196 patients followed OAT, a prevalence of 10.12 per thousand, with 19.6 patients per family doctor. The HC monitored 122 (62.24%); and the hospital, 74 (37.76%). The HC carried out 1,224 check-ups, 208 in the homes of 21 patients. There were 70.5% within the therapeutic range. Only 13% were in a situation of dose adjustment. Most common indications: non-rheumatic auricular fibrillation 65, TVP/TEP 27, mechanical cardiac prostheses 22. There were no fatal haemorrhages. Major haemorrhages ran at 2.22% of patients a year; and minor ones, at 6.68%. There were no thrombo-embolic accidents. There were two skin allergies. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed good results, in line with the findings of other studies.

Anticoagulación oral en un centro de salud urbano. Resultados del primer año / Oral anti-coagulants in an urban health centre. The first year's results

Objetivos. Valorar el manejo del tratamiento anticoagulante oral (TAO) por médicos de familia (MF) y enfermeras de un centro de salud (CS) en el primer año de su realización. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Emplazamiento. CS urbano de Granada, La Chana, con 19.362 habitantes, en 10 unidades de atención familiar (UAF). Participantes. Un total de 220 pacientes con prescripciones de acenocumarol en el año 2000. El criterio de inclusión era tener al menos 3 controles del TAO anuales. Se excluyeron 24. Intervenciones. Captación por invitación personal en consulta. Analíticas en sangre capilar y ajustes de dosis por las 10 enfermeras y 10 MF del CS. Rangos terapéuticos internacionalmente establecidos. Mediciones principales. Prevalencia del TAO, prescripciones de acenocumarol. Captación, pacientes controlados en el CS. Indicaciones, recogidas de la historia clínica. Grado de control, porcentaje de pacientes con INR en rango en último control anual. Complicaciones, tasa de hemorragias, accidentes tromboembólicos y otros efectos secundarios. Resultados. Un total de 196 pacientes siguen TAO; prevalencia, 10,12 por mil, con 19,6 pacientes por MF; el CS controla 122 (62,24 por ciento) y 74 (37,76 por ciento) el hospital. El CS realiza 1.224 controles, 208 en los domicilios de 21 pacientes. Hay un 70,5 por ciento en rango terapéutico. Sólo un 13 por ciento estaba en situación de ajuste de dosis. Indicaciones más frecuentes: fibrilación auricular no reumática, 65; TVP/TEP, 27; prótesis cardíacas mecánicas, 22. No hubo hemorragias fatales. La tasa de hemorragias mayores fue de 2,22 por ciento pacientes-año y la de menores de 6,68 por ciento pacientes-año. No se presentaron accidentes tromboembólicos. Se detectaron 2 alergias cutáneas. Conclusiones. Se obtienen buenos resultados, en línea con lo encontrado en otros estudios (AU)