RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To present a case report of sinonasal glomangiopericytoma (GPC) in a female patient in her thirties and to highlight the importance of collecting pathology specimens even in routine sinus surgery cases. METHODS: A case report detailing the diagnosis of GPC in a female in her thirties, including her initial presentation, treatment, and follow-up, along with a brief review of the literature. RESULTS: Pathology of the collected specimen revealed sinonasal GPC along with chronic rhinosinusitis. Immunohistochemistry was positive for SMA, beta-catenin, and cyclin D1; and negative for STAT6, ERG, pankeratin, SOX10, and S100. CONCLUSION: This diagnosis expands the knowledge around the demographic profile of GPC patients. GPC should be included in the differential diagnosis of sinonasal masses, even in younger patients. The case highlights the importance of collecting the entire pathology specimen in all cases, even of ones that seem routine and benign.
Assuntos
Hemangiopericitoma , Humanos , Feminino , Hemangiopericitoma/patologia , Hemangiopericitoma/diagnóstico , Hemangiopericitoma/cirurgia , Adulto , Neoplasias dos Seios Paranasais/patologia , Neoplasias dos Seios Paranasais/cirurgia , Neoplasias dos Seios Paranasais/diagnóstico , Imuno-HistoquímicaRESUMO
Chromatin modifiers and their implications in oncogenesis have been an exciting area of cancer research. These are enzymes that modify chromatin via post-translational modifications such as methylation, acetylation, sumoylation, phosphorylation, in addition to others. Depending on the modification, chromatin modifiers can either promote or repress transcription. SET and MYN-domain containing 3 (SMYD3) is a chromatin modifier that has been implicated in the development and progression of various cancer types. It was first reported to tri-methylate Histone 3 Lysine 4 (H3K4), a methylation mark known to promote transcription. However, since this discovery, other histone (H4K5 and H4K20, for example) and non-histone (VEGFR, HER2, MAP3K2, ER, and others) substrates of SMYD3 have been described, primarily in the context of cancer. This review aims to provide a background on basic characteristics of SMYD3, such as its protein structure and tissue expression profiles, discuss reported histone and non-histone substrates of SMYD3, and underscore prognostic and functional implications of SMYD3 in cancer. Finally, we briefly discuss ongoing efforts to develop inhibitors of SMYD3 for future therapeutic use. It is our hope that this review will help synthesize existing research on SMYD3 in an effort to propel future discovery.
Assuntos
Carcinogênese/genética , Cromatina/enzimologia , Histona-Lisina N-Metiltransferase/genética , Cromatina/metabolismo , Metilação de DNA , Epigênese Genética , Epigenômica , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Histona-Lisina N-Metiltransferase/metabolismo , Histonas/metabolismo , Humanos , Lisina/metabolismo , Prognóstico , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional/genética , Transdução de Sinais/genéticaRESUMO
Protein lysine methyltransferases (PKMTs) constitute a large family of approximately 50 chromatin modifiers that mono-, di- and/or tri-methylate lysine residues on histone and non-histone substrates. With the advent of The Cancer Genome Atlas, it became apparent that this family of chromatin modifiers harbors frequent genetic and expression alterations in multiple types of cancer. In this regard, past and ongoing preclinical studies have provided insight into the mechanisms of action of some of these enzymes, laying the ground for the ongoing development of PKMT inhibitors as novel anticancer therapeutics. The purpose of this review is to summarize existing data obtained by different research groups through immunohistochemical analysis of the protein expression levels of PKMTs, and their respective clinicopathologic associations. We focused on studies that used immunohistochemistry to associate protein expression levels of specific PKMTs, as well as several established histone methylation marks, with clinicopathologic features and survival outcomes in various cancer types. We also review ongoing clinical trials of PKMT inhibitors in cancer treatment. This review underscores the clinical relevance and potential of targeting the family of PKMT enzymes as the next generation of cancer therapy.
Assuntos
Metilação de DNA/genética , Histona-Lisina N-Metiltransferase/genética , Histonas/química , Neoplasias/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Proteína Potenciadora do Homólogo 2 de Zeste/genética , Epigenômica/métodos , Feminino , Histonas/metabolismo , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Lisina/metabolismo , Estadiamento de Neoplasias/métodos , Neoplasias/patologia , Análise de Sobrevida , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Prostate carcinoma is a common tumor of the older adult male. It is associated with bony metastases, particularly to the axial skeleton. We present two case histories; in both cases, the patients had no prior history of prostate carcinoma. Both cases were diagnosed with CT imaging, elevated PSA, and biopsy. Additionally, they were treated with surgical resection and hormone modulation therapy. While bony metastases are frequently associated with advanced disease, they can also be a cause of presenting symptoms. The CT imaging in these two cases showed the classic hyperostotic findings of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer may cause osteoblastic lesions in contrast to other metastatic bone lesions, which cause destructive osteolytic lesions. During excisional surgery, the tumor was inspected and many stalactite-like lesions were present on the gross sample. We present these and compare them to the CT imaging.
