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1.
CJC Pediatr Congenit Heart Dis ; 2(1): 20-29, 2023 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37970105

RESUMO

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after cardiovascular surgery in children, noted in approximately 40% of children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We sought to determine the risk factors including inflammatory and vascular endothelial markers associated with AKI in children undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: A secondary analysis of a prospective observational cohort study of paediatric patients with a cardiac defect requiring CPB and a weight of >2.5 kg was performed. AKI was defined as a 1.5 times increase from the preoperative value in serum creatinine or an absolute increase by ≥0.3 mg/dL (≥26.5 µmol/L). Plasma inflammatory markers (interleukin [IL]-1a, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, and tumour necrosis factor α) and vascular endothelial markers (vascular endothelial growth factor, von Willebrand factor, regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, platelet-derived growth factor, and microparticles) were assessed at 5 perioperative time points. Associations with AKI were found using generalized linear regression models adjusted for repeated measures. Results: A total of 207 patients were assessed, of whom 56% (n = 116) were male. Thirty-three percent (n = 68) developed AKI. In univariable analyses, adverse outcomes significantly related to the presence of AKI included increased intensive care unit stay (3.0 vs 5.6 hours, P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, independent factors that were significantly associated with AKI included longer duration of CPB (111 vs 154 minutes, P < 0.001) and lower preoperative creatinine. Inflammatory and vascular endothelial biomarkers were not associated with AKI. Conclusions: AKI remains a prevalent problem after cardiac surgery, and renal ischemia related to longer bypass time potentially plays a key role in the etiology. Inflammatory and vascular endothelial biomarkers were not significantly related to AKI.


Contexte: L'insuffisance rénale aiguë (IRA) est une complication fréquente qui survient chez les enfants après une intervention chirurgicale cardiovasculaire. Environ 40 % des enfants chez qui une circulation extracorporelle (CEC) est mise en place durant l'intervention présentent ultérieurement une IRA. Nous avons tenté de définir les facteurs de risque, y compris les marqueurs inflammatoires et endothéliaux vasculaires, qui sont associés à l'IRA chez les enfants qui subissent une intervention chirurgicale cardiaque. Méthodologie: Nous avons réalisé une analyse secondaire d'une étude de cohorte observationnelle prospective menée auprès d'enfants qui étaient atteints d'une anomalie cardiaque nécessitant une CEC et qui pesaient plus de 2,5 kg. L'IRA était définie comme une hausse du taux de créatinine sérique par un facteur de 1,5 par rapport à la valeur préopératoire ou comme une augmentation absolue de ≥ 0,3 mg/dL (≥ 26,5 µmol/l). Les marqueurs inflammatoires plasmatiques (interleukine [IL]-1a, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, facteur de nécrose tumorale alpha) et les marqueurs endothéliaux vasculaires (facteur de croissance de l'endothélium vasculaire, facteur de von Willebrand, chimiokine exprimée et sécrétée après l'activation des lymphocytes T normaux, facteur de stimulation des granulocytes et macrophages, protéine chimiotactique des monocytes-1, facteur de croissance dérivé des plaquettes, microparticules) ont été évalués à 5 moments périopératoires différents. Les associations avec l'IRA ont été établies au moyen de modèles de régression linéaire généraux, qui ont été ajustés pour tenir compte des mesures répétées. Résultats: L'évaluation a porté sur 207 patients, dont 56 % (n = 116) étaient des garçons, et une IRA a été observée chez 33 % (n = 68) d'entre eux. Les résultats d'analyses univariées ont montré que les issues indésirables associées de façon significative à la présence d'une IRA comprenaient un séjour prolongé à l'unité de soins intensifs (3,0 c. 5,6 heures, p < 0,001). Dans les analyses multivariées, les facteurs indépendants associés de façon significative à une IRA comprenaient une CEC prolongée (111 c. 154 minutes, p < 0,001) et un faible taux de créatinine préopératoire. Les biomarqueurs inflammatoires et endothéliaux vasculaires n'ont pas été associés à l'IRA. Conclusions: L'IRA demeure un problème répandu après une intervention chirurgicale cardiaque. L'ischémie rénale associée à une CEC prolongée joue potentiellement un rôle clé dans son étiologie. Par ailleurs, les biomarqueurs inflammatoires et endothéliaux vasculaires n'ont pas été associés de façon significative à l'IRA.

2.
CJC Pediatr Congenit Heart Dis ; 1(6): 248-252, 2022 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37969486

RESUMO

Background: For patients with Kawasaki disease (KD), lower socioeconomic status (SES) may adversely affect the timeliness of presentation and initiation of intravenous immune globulin, and coronary artery outcomes. Multipayer systems have been shown to affect health care equity and access to health care negatively. We sought to determine the association of SES with KD outcomes in a single-payer health care system. Methods: Patients with KD presenting from 2007 to 2017 at a single institution were included. SES data were obtained by matching patient postal code district with data from the 2016 Census Canada. Results: SES data were linked for 1018 patients. The proportion of households living below the after-tax low-income cutoff in the patient's postal code district was 13% for not treated, 13% for delayed intravenous immune globulin treatment, and 12% for prompt treatment (P = 0.58). Likewise, the average median annual household income was unrelated to delayed or no treatment. The percentage >15 years of age with advanced education differed between groups at 33%, 29%, and 31% for delayed treatment, prompt treatment, and missed groups, respectively (P = 0.004). SES variables were not significantly different for those with vs without coronary artery aneurysms (max Z-score: >2.5), including the proportion of households living below low-income cutoff (12% vs 13%; P = 0.37), average median annual household income (CAD$81,220 vs $82,055; P = 0.78), and proportion with a university degree (33% vs 31%; P = 0.49), even after adjusting for sex, age, year, and KD type. Conclusions: Timeliness of treatment for KD and coronary artery outcomes were not associated with SES variables within a single-payer health care system.


Contexte: Chez les patients atteints de la maladie de Kawasaki (MK), un statut socioéconomique (SSE) plus difficile pourrait retarder le moment de la première consultation et le début du traitement par immunoglobuline intraveineuse (IgIV) ainsi que peser sur les résultats associés aux artères coronaires. Il a été démontré que les systèmes à payeurs multiples compromettent l'équité en matière de soins de santé et l'accès à ces derniers. Nous avons cherché à déterminer s'il existait un rapport entre le SSE et les résultats associés à la MK au sein d'un système de soins de santé à payeur unique. Méthodologie: L'étude comprenait des patients atteints de la MK qui se sont présentés à un même établissement entre 2007 et 2017. Les données sur le SSE ont été obtenues en associant le code postal des patients aux données du recensement canadien de 2016. Résultats: Les données sur le SSE de 1 018 patients ont été répertoriées. La proportion des foyers qui étaient sous le seuil de faible revenu (SFR) après impôt dans la circonscription correspondant à leur code postal était la suivante : 13 % pour les patients non traités, 13 % pour les patients chez qui le traitement par IgIV a été tardif et 12 % pour les patients qui ont rapidement reçu un traitement (p = 0,58). De même, aucune relation n'a été établie entre le revenu annuel médian des ménages et un traitement tardif ou une absence de traitement. Le pourcentage de personnes âgées de plus de 15 ans ayant un niveau de scolarité élevé différait d'un groupe à l'autre, soit respectivement 33 %, 29 % et 31 % pour les groupes à traitement tardif, à traitement rapide et sans traitement (p = 0,004). Les variables en matière de SSE n'étaient pas significativement différentes chez les patients présentant des anévrismes coronariens et chez ceux n'en présentant pas (score z maximal > 2,5), peu importe la proportion des foyers qui étaient sous le SFR après impôt (12 % contre 13 %; p = 0,37), le revenu annuel médian des ménages (81 220 $ CA contre 82 055 $; p = 0,78) ou le taux de diplomation universitaire (33 % contre 31 %; p = 0,49), et ce, même après ajustement en fonction du sexe, de l'âge et du type de MK. Conclusions: Aucune corrélation n'a été établie entre le SSE et le délai avant l'instauration d'un traitement contre la MK ou les résultats liés aux artères coronaires dans le contexte d'un système de soins de santé à payeur unique.

3.
Sci Rep ; 8(1): 17682, 2018 12 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30518956

RESUMO

Detailed epidemiologic examination of the distribution of Kawasaki disease (KD) cases could help elucidate the etiology and pathogenesis of this puzzling condition. Location of residence at KD admission was obtained for patients diagnosed in Canada (excluding Quebec) between March 2004 and March 2015. We identified 4,839 patients, 164 of whom (3.4%) developed a coronary artery aneurysm (CAA). A spatiotemporal clustering analysis was performed to determine whether non-random clusters emerged in the distributions of KD and CAA cases. A high-incidence KD cluster occurred in Toronto, ON, between October 2004 and May 2005 (116 cases; relative risk (RR) = 3.43; p < 0.001). A cluster of increased CAA frequency emerged in Mississauga, ON, between April 2004 and September 2005 (17% of KD cases; RR = 4.86). High-incidence clusters also arose in British Columbia (November 2010 to March 2011) and Alberta (January 2010 to November 2012) for KD and CAA, respectively. In an exploratory comparison between the primary KD cluster and reference groups of varying spatial and temporal origin, the main cluster demonstrated higher frequencies of conjunctivitis, oral mucosa changes and treatment with antibiotics, suggesting a possible coincident infectious process. Further spatiotemporal evaluation of KD cases might help understand the probable multifactorial etiology.


Assuntos
Aneurisma Coronário/etiologia , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/complicações , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Canadá/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Análise por Conglomerados , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Análise Espaço-Temporal
4.
Can J Cardiol ; 34(3): 303-309, 2018 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29395706

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: We have previously documented an increase in the incidence of Kawasaki disease (KD) in Ontario followed by a stabilization from 1995 to 2006. We sought to validate the estimation of incidence of KD using administrative data and to describe the epidemiology of KD across Canada from 2004 to 2014. METHODS: We queried the Canadian Hospital Discharge Database for hospital admissions associated with a discharge diagnosis of KD. The data set was manually curated and estimates of incidence were compared with those obtained from the retrospective triennial surveillances of KD performed in 2007 and 2010. RESULTS: The average number of cases per year identified through administrative data was 245 ± 45 vs 229 ± 33 from retrospective surveillance. This overestimation, representing 7 ± 6%, is similar to the historical percentage of patients originally diagnosed with KD in whom the diagnosis is subsequently excluded. The annual incidence of KD in Canada was 19.6, 6.4, and 1.3 cases per 100,000 children younger than 5 years, 5-9 years, and 10-14 years old, respectively, with important regional and seasonal differences. The incidence remained stable over the study period in the youngest age group but increased in both older age categories. Coronary artery aneurysms affected 3.5% of all patients, and 0.8% experienced associated major cardiac complications. CONCLUSIONS: Reliance on administrative data to determine incidence of KD is feasible and accurate with manual curation of the data. The incidence of KD in Canada seems to have plateaued for younger children. Differences in annual incidence observed between provinces remain to be explained, and might reflect genetic or environmental differences.


Assuntos
Bases de Dados Factuais/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Prontuários Médicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Distribuição por Idade , Canadá/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Masculino , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/diagnóstico , Ontário/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Distribuição por Sexo
5.
PLoS One ; 13(2): e0191087, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29415012

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease (KD) is commonly ascribed to an exaggerated immunologic response to an unidentified environmental or infectious trigger in susceptible children. A comprehensive framework linking epidemiological data and global distribution of KD has not yet been proposed. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Patients with KD (n = 81) were enrolled within 6 weeks of diagnosis along with control subjects (n = 87). All completed an extensive epidemiological questionnaire. Geographic localization software characterized the subjects' neighborhood. KD incidence was compared to atmospheric biological particles counts and winds patterns. These data were used to create a comprehensive risk framework for KD, which we tested against published data on the global distribution. Compared to controls, patients with KD were more likely to be of Asian ancestry and were more likely to live in an environment with low exposure to environmental allergens. Higher atmospheric counts of biological particles other than fungus/spores were associated with a temporal reduction in incidence of KD. Finally, westerly winds were associated with increased fungal particles in the atmosphere and increased incidence of KD over the Greater Toronto Area. Our proposed framework was able to explain approximately 80% of the variation in the global distribution of KD. The main limitations of the study are that the majority of data used in this study are limited to the Canadian context and our proposed disease framework is theoretical and circumstantial rather than the result of a single simulation. CONCLUSIONS: Our proposed etiologic framework incorporates the 1) proportion of population that are genetically susceptible; 2) modulation of risk, determined by habitual exposure to environmental allergens, seasonal variations of atmospheric biological particles and contact with infectious diseases; and 3) exposure to the putative trigger. Future modelling of individual risk and global distribution will be strengthened by taking into consideration all of these non-traditional elements.


Assuntos
Saúde Ambiental , Saúde Global , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Alérgenos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Anamnese , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/genética , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/fisiopatologia , Estações do Ano , Vento
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