Influência de escolares participantes de um programa de educação nas práticas diárias de saúde bucal em seu ambiente familiar / Influence of schoolchildren participating in an oral health education program on their family's practices

Este estudo objetivou verificar a influência de escolares participantes de um programa de educação em saúde bucal nas práticas diárias de sua família, por meio da percepção de seus pais e/ou responsáveis legais. A pesquisa, caracterizada como um estudo exploratório descritivo com abordagem quanti-qualitativa, foi composta por 146 pais e/ou responsáveis de escolares com idade entre 4-12 anos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário estruturado, autoaplicado, com perguntas abertas e fechadas. As questões propostas abordaram conhecimento por parte dos pais sobre as atividades de educação em saúde bucal realizadas na escola, a importância que os mesmos atribuem a essas atividades, bem como o aprendizado com os filhos e a existência de mudança de hábitos em casa. Ao todo, 86% dos entrevistados tinham conhecimento das atividades educativas e preventivas desenvolvidas na escola e todos relataram ser importante tais atividades, principalmente no que se refere à saúde, cuidado e orientação das crianças. A maioria dos participantes da pesquisa (75%) relatou ter aprendido algo referente à saúde bucal com seus filhos, e desses, 30% citaram a escovação como sendo o fator de maior aprendizado. Além disso, 76% relataram a existência de mudanças nos hábitos de saúde bucal de sua família. Pode-se concluir que os escolares foram capazes de transmitir o conhecimento adquirido na escola para seus familiares, o que pode contribuir para a mudança da rotina de saúde bucal da sua família. Palavras-chave: Educação em saúde bucal; Promoção da saúde; Serviços de saúde escolar.

This study aimed to verify the influence of schoolchildren participating in an oral health education program on their family's practices, through the perception of their parents and / or legal guardians. A research, characterized as a descriptive exploratory study, with quantitative and qualitative approach was composed of 146 parents and / or guardians of students aged 4-12 years. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, applied automatically, with open and closed questions. The questions approached address the knowledge of parents about oral health education activities performed at school, the importance they attach to these activities, as well as learning with their children and changing habits at home. In performing 86% of respondents were aware of educational and preventive activities developed at school and all reported to be important activities, especially with regard to health, care and guidance of children. Most survey participants (75%) reported having learned something related to oral health from their children and 30% cited brushing as the factor of greatest learning. In addition, 76% reported changes in their family's oral health habits. It can be concluded that the students were able to transmit the knowledge acquired at school to their family members, which can contribute to changing your family's oral health routine.

Copan eNAT Transport System To Address Challenges in COVID-19 Diagnostics in Regions with Limited Testing Access.

Community-based health care clinics and hospital outreach services have the potential to expand coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnostics to rural areas. However, reduced specimen stability during extended transport, the absence of a cold chain to centralized laboratories, and biosafety concerns surrounding specimen handling have limited this expansion. In the following study, we evaluated eNAT (Copan Italia, Brescia, Italy) as an alternative transport system to address the biosafety and stability challenges associated with expanding COVID-19 diagnostics to rural and remote regions. In this study, we demonstrated that high-titer severe acute respiratory virus syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lysate placed into eNAT medium cannot be propagated in cell culture, supporting viral inactivation. To account for off-site testing in these settings, we assessed the stability of contrived nasopharyngeal (NP) specimens stored for up to 14 days in various transport media (eNAT, eSwab, viral transport medium [VTM], saline, and phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]) at 4°C, 22 to 25°C, and 35°C. The molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 was unaffected by sample storage temperature over the 2 weeks when stored in eNAT or PBS (change in cycle threshold, ≤1). In contrast, variable stability was observed across test conditions for other transport media. As eNAT can inactivate SARS-CoV-2, it may support COVID-19 diagnostics at the point of care. Evaluation of compatibility of eNAT with Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assay demonstrated diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity equivalent to those of VTM. Taken together, these findings suggest that the implementation of eNAT as a collection device can expand COVID-19 testing to areas with limited health care access.

Phosphoproteomic Effects of Acute Depletion of PP2A Regulatory Subunit Cdc55.

Protein phosphatase regulatory subunits are increasingly recognized as promising drug targets. In the absence of an existing drug, inducible degradation provides a means of predicting candidate targets. Here auxin-inducible degradation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae PP2A regulatory subunit Cdc55 in combination with quantitative phosphoproteomics is employed. A prevalence of hyperphosphorylated phosphopeptides indicates that the approach successfully identified direct PP2ACdc55 targets. PRM follow up of data-dependent acquisition results confirmed that vacuolar amino acid transporters are among the proteins most strongly affected by Cdc55 depletion.

Chemical Genetics of AGC-kinases Reveals Shared Targets of Ypk1, Protein Kinase A and Sch9.

Protein phosphorylation cascades play a central role in the regulation of cell growth and protein kinases PKA, Sch9 and Ypk1 take center stage in regulating this process in S. cerevisiae To understand how these kinases co-ordinately regulate cellular functions we compared the phospho-proteome of exponentially growing cells without and with acute chemical inhibition of PKA, Sch9 and Ypk1. Sites hypo-phosphorylated upon PKA and Sch9 inhibition were preferentially located in RRxS/T-motifs suggesting that many are directly phosphorylated by these enzymes. Interestingly, when inhibiting Ypk1 we not only detected several hypo-phosphorylated sites in the previously reported RxRxxS/T-, but also in an RRxS/T-motif. Validation experiments revealed that neutral trehalase Nth1, a known PKA target, is additionally phosphorylated and activated downstream of Ypk1. Signaling through Ypk1 is therefore more closely related to PKA- and Sch9-signaling than previously appreciated and may perform functions previously only attributed to the latter kinases.

Atuação dos cirurgiões-dentistas na capacitação e desenvolvimento de ações de saúde bucal pelo agente comunitário / Dentist surgeons 'activities in the training and development of healthcare actions by the community health agente / Actuación de los odontólogos en la capacitación y desarrollo de acciones de salud bucal por el agente comunitário

O presente estudo buscou analisar a percepção e atuação dos cirurgiões-dentistas inseridos na estratégia saúde da família do Município de Cascavel-PR, acerca da capacitação e desenvolvimento de ações de vigilância à saúde bucal pelo agente comunitário de saúde. A coleta dos dados foi realizada em todas as unidades de saúde da família que possuíam equipes de saúde bucal sendo utilizado um questionário estruturado, autoaplicável, composto por questões especialmente elaboradas para a pesquisa. Após a categorização, os dados coletados foram digitados em planilha eletrônica criada no software Epi Info, versão 3.5.1. O Teste Exato de Fisher com nível de significância de 5% foi utilizado para verificação de associação entre variáveis. Os resultados demonstraram pouca articulação entre cirurgiões-dentistas e agente comunitário de saúde na capacitação e desenvolvimento de ações de saúde bucal. Ter o titulo de especialista em odontologia em saúde coletiva não foi um fator significativo no treinamento e delegação de ações de saúde bucal. Mudanças no modelo de prestação dos serviços de saúde no município vão exigir a existência de um programa de educação permanente, que possibilite renovar e adquirir os conhecimentos de saúde bucal, para que os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde consigam atuar como atores na vigilância em saúde bucal(AU)

The present study sought to analyze the perception and performance of dental surgeons inserted in the family health strategy of the Municipality of Cascavel-PR, about the training and development of oral health surveillance actions by the community health agent. The data collection was performed in all the family health units that had oral health teams and a structured, self-administered questionnaire was used, composed by specially elaborated questions for the research. After the categorization, the collected data were typed in a spreadsheet created in Epi Info software, version 3.5.1. Fisher's exact test with significance level of 5% was used to verify association between variables. The results showed little articulation between dental surgeons and community health agent in the training and development of oral health actions. Having the title of specialist in public health dentistry was not a significant factor in the empowerment and delegation of oral health actions. Changes in the model of provision of health services in the municipality will require the existence of a permanent education program that will make it possible to renew and acquire oral health knowledge so that Community Health Agents can act as actors in oral health surveillance(AU)

El presente estudio buscó analizar la percepción y actuación de los odontólogos insertados en la estrategia salud de la familia del Municipio de Cascavel-PR, acerca de la capacitación y desarrollo de acciones de vigilancia a la salud bucal por el agente comunitario de salud. La recolección de los datos fue realizada en todas las unidades de salud de la familia que poseían equipos de salud bucal siendo utilizado un cuestionario estructurado, auto-aplicable, compuesto por cuestiones especialmente elaboradas para la investigación. Después de la categorización, los datos recolectados fueron digitados en una hoja de cálculo creada en el software Epi Info, versión 3.5.1. La prueba exacta de Fisher con un nivel de significancia del 5% se utilizó para la verificación de asociación entre variables. Los resultados demostraron poca articulación entre cirujanos-dentistas y agente comunitario de salud en la capacitación y desarrollo de acciones de salud bucal. Tener el título de especialista en odontología en salud colectiva no fue un factor significativo en el entrenamiento y delegación de acciones de salud bucal. Los cambios en el modelo de prestación de los servicios de salud en el municipio van a exigir la existencia de un programa de educación permanente, que posibilite renovar y adquirir los conocimientos de salud bucal, para que los Agentes Comunitarios de Salud consigan actuar como actores en la vigilancia en salud bucal(AU)

Target of rapamycin complex 2-dependent phosphorylation of the coat protein Pan1 by Akl1 controls endocytosis dynamics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Target of rapamycin complex 2 (TORC2) is a widely conserved serine/threonine protein kinase. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, TORC2 is essential, playing a key role in plasma membrane homeostasis. In this role, TORC2 regulates diverse processes, including sphingolipid synthesis, glycerol production and efflux, polarization of the actin cytoskeleton, and endocytosis. The major direct substrate of TORC2 is the AGC-family kinase Ypk1. Ypk1 connects TORC2 signaling to actin polarization and to endocytosis via the flippase kinases Fpk1 and Fpk2. Here, we report that Fpk1 mediates TORC2 signaling to control actin polarization, but not endocytosis, via aminophospholipid flippases. To search for specific targets of these flippase kinases, we exploited the fact that Fpk1 prefers to phosphorylate Ser residues within the sequence RXS(L/Y)(D/E), which is present ∼90 times in the yeast proteome. We observed that 25 of these sequences are phosphorylated by Fpk1 in vitro We focused on one sequence hit, the Ark/Prk-family kinase Akl1, as this kinase previously has been implicated in endocytosis. Using a potent ATP-competitive small molecule, CMB4563, to preferentially inhibit TORC2, we found that Fpk1-mediated Akl1 phosphorylation inhibits Akl1 activity, which, in turn, reduces phosphorylation of Pan1 and of other endocytic coat proteins and ultimately contributes to a slowing of endocytosis kinetics. These results indicate that the regulation of actin polarization and endocytosis downstream of TORC2 is signaled through separate pathways that bifurcate at the level of the flippase kinases.

Levantamento epidemiológico de cárie dentária em escolares de 5 e 12 anos de idade do município de Cascavel, PR / Epidemiological survey of dental caries in children with 5 and 12 years of age of Cascavel, PR

Por solicitação da divisão de saúde bucal da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Cascavel-PR, o curso de odontologia da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE) executou o primeiro levantamento epidemiológico na área de Saúde Bucal. A pesquisa foi realizada em crianças nas idades de 5 e 12 anos e foi utilizado os índices epidemiológicos ceo e CPO-D das escolas estaduais e municipais escolhidas através de sorteio contemplando todas as regiões do município. Os resultados obtidos através do levantamento produziram informações sobre as condições de saúde bucal da população de Cascavel. O ceo teve média de 2,42 e o CPO-D foi de 1,91, sendo maior na região Central. Embora os resultados apresentem valores menores que os do SB BRASIL 2000, o trabalho foi de grande valia para a criação e manutenção de uma base de dados contribuindo na perspectiva da estruturação de um sistema de vigilância epidemiológica em saúde bucal.

At the request of the Division of Oral Health of the Municipal Health Department of Cascavel-PR, the Dentistry course at the Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE) performed the first epidemiological survey in the area of Oral Health. The survey was conducted in children aged 5 and 12 years and was used epidemiological indices dtmf and DMFT indexes of state and municipal schools chosen by lottery covering all regions of the city. The results obtained through the survey yielded information on the oral health status of the population of Cascavel. The dtmf had a mean of 2.42 and DMFT was 1.91, being higher in the Central region. Although the results showed lower values than those of SB BRASIL 2000, the work was valuable for the creation and maintenance of a database contributing the perspective of designing a surveillance system in oral health.

Validação de escalas para avaliação do amor patológico / Validation of scales for pathological love assessment

CONTEXTO: Diversas metodologias foram desenvolvidas para validar instrumentos psicométricos. No entanto, na literatura científica, há escassez de instrumentos para avaliar os relacionamentos amorosos. OBJETIVO: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo validar para o português o conteúdo dos instrumentos autoaplicáveis Love Attitudes Scale (Escala de Atitudes do Amor - Hendrick et al., 1998), Relationship Assessment Scale (Escala de Avaliação do Relacionamento - Hendrick, 1988) e Adult Attachment Types (Tipos de Apego do Adulto - Hazan et al., 1987), levando em consideração o contexto cultural brasileiro e, consequentemente, possibilitando que o estudo do amor patológico seja viável na população brasileira. MÉTODOS: Tal processo envolveu quatro etapas: (1) tradução para o português, (2) retrotradução, (3) apresentação da versão corrigida para profissionais de saúde mental e estudantes universitários e (4) aplicação da versão final em amostra da população-alvo utilizando uma escala analógico-visual. RESULTADOS: As escalas foram facilmente compreendidas e discriminaram significativamente indivíduos com amor patológico de voluntários saudáveis. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados mostram que a versão brasileira desses instrumentos é válida e pode ser usada em investigações envolvendo relacionamentos amorosos.

BACKGROUND: Several methodologies were developed to validate psychometric instruments. However, there are, in the scientific literature, a lack of instruments to evaluate romantic relationship. OBJECTIVE: The present work aims at validating into Portuguese the content of the self-report Love Attitudes Scale (Escala de Atitudes do Amor - Hendrick et al., 1998), the Relationship Assessment Scale (Escala de Avaliação do Relacionamento - Hendrick, 1988), and the Adult Attachment Types (Tipos de Apego do Adulto - Hazan et al., 1987), taking the Brazilian cultural context into consideration, thus rendering the study of pathological love in the Brazilian population feasible. METHODS: Such process involved four stages: (1) translation into Portuguese, (2) back translation, (3) presentation of the translated version to mental health professionals and university students, and (4) application of the final version in a sample of the target population using a rating scale. RESULTS: The scales were easily understood and significantly discriminated individuals with pathological love and healthy volunteers. DISCUSSION: Our results show that the Brazilian version of these instruments is valid and may be used in investigations involving romantic relationships.

Avaliação do Conhecimento de Professores do Ensino Fundamental sobre o Tema Avulsão Dentária / Evaluation of an Elementary Teacher's Knowledge about the Topic Tooth Avulsion

Objetivo: Verificar o conhecimento de um grupo de professores da rede pública de ensino do município de Cascavel-PR, sobre o tema primeiros-socorros nos traumatismos dentários, enfocando a avulsão dentária (deslocamento total do dente para fora de seu alvéolo) em escola primária.Metodologia: As escolas participantes do projeto foram selecionadas de forma aleatória, por sorteio, envolvendo todas as áreas da cidade de Cascavel-PR, sendo a proposta aceita por 11 escolas. Foi aplicado um questionário composto por duas partes para 76 professores. A primeira parte continha 15 questões objetivas de ordem geral e referentes ao conhecimento sobre o tema, e a segunda parte, com 16 questões que abordaram noções de primeiros socorros frente a casos de traumatismos, mais especificamente de avulsão. Os dados foram tabulados em tabela Excel e as porcentagens foram calculadas.Resultados: A maioria dos entrevistados (84,21%) relatou não estar preparada para fazer o atendimento de uma criança que tenha sofrido avulsão. Dos entrevistados, 65,78% julgam importante localizar o dente e o pegaria pela coroa. Nesse caso, 25% não limpariam o dente, enquanto que 72,36% limpariam com água, pano, papel ou de outra forma, dentre as quais o leite foi o mais citado. Com relação ao tema avulsão dentária, 84,21% dos participantes não se sentem preparados para o cuidado imediato necessário. Os resultados revelaram também que a maioria não recolocaria o dente de volta ao alvéolo por não saber fazê-lo. Conclusão: O conhecimento dos professores sobre o atendimento emergencial de criança que sofre traumatismo dentário necessita ser melhor explorado, por meio de programas educativos que abordem o tema, especialmente ressaltando a importância do pronto atendimento

Objective: Evaluating the knowledge of a group of public school teachers from the city of Cascavel (PR) about the topic emergency management of dental trauma, focusing on tooth avulsion in elementary school. Methods: Schools participating in the project were selected randomly, by lottery, involving all areas of the city of Cascavel (PR), and 11 agreed to proposal. We administered questionnaire consisting of two shares for 76 teachers. The first part containing 15 objective questions and general knowledge regarding the subject, and the second part with 16 questions covering first aid, compared to cases of trauma, specifically avulsion. Data were tabulated in Excel table and percentages were calculated.Results: Most interviewees (84.21%) reported not being prepared to handle a child who has suffered avulsion. 65.78% of respondents consider important to find the tooth and would take the crown. In this case, 25% did not wash away the teeth, while 72.36% wipe with water, cloth, paper or otherwise, among which milk was the most cited. On the topic dental avulsion, 84.21% of participants do not feel prepared for the immediate care needed. The results also revealed that the majority did not restore it back to the tooth socket for not knowing how to do it.Conclusion: Based on the results we verified that the knowledge of teachers about emergency management when children suffer dental trauma needs to be better exploited through educational programs that address the topic, emphasizing the importance of immediate care

Pathological love: impulsivity, personality, and romantic relationship.

INTRODUCTION: Pathological love (PL)--behavior characterized by providing repetitive and uncontrolled care and attention to the partner in a romantic relationship--is a rarely studied condition, despite not being rare and causing suffering. This study aims at investigating impulsivity, personality, and characteristics related to the romantic relationship in this population. METHODS: Eighty-nine individuals (50 with PL; 39 individuals with no psychiatric disorder) were compared regarding impulsivity, personality, type of attachment, satisfaction with romantic relationship, and love style. RESULTS: Individuals with PL have higher levels of impulsivity (P<.001; Barratt Impulsiveness Scale), higher self-transcendence, that is, are more unconventional and hold sense of communion with a wider reality (P<.001; Temperament and Character Inventory) and keep dissatisfactory romantic relationships (P<.001; Adapted Relationship Assessment Scale). CONCLUSION: Individuals with PL present personality traits and relationship aspects that must be taken into account in devising assessment and therapeutic strategies for this population.

Contribuição das ações de educação em saúde da disciplina de odontologia em saúde coletiva na consolidação das dcn e do sus: relato de uma experiência / Contribution of the actions of health education on the discipline of community health dentistry for the consolidation of ncg and sus: an experience report

Na busca da implantação dos preceitos das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais e também do Sistema Único de Saúde para os Cursos graduação em Odontologia, as Disciplinas de Odontologia em Saúde Coletiva I, II, III e IV da Unioeste, Campus de Cascavel, colocou em prática uma nova metodologia de ação nas suas práticas de educação em saúde. Foi desenvolvido um projeto, em parceria com a Secretaria de Saúde do município de Cascavel, que teve por objetivo oferecer à população de um bairro socioeconomicamente desfavorecido, um modelo de atenção em saúde bucal que incluísse prioridade para a atenção básica, compreendendo o desenvolvimento de ações de natureza coletiva e individual, visando à promoção, recuperação e manutenção da saúde bucal da população em geral. Buscouse o aumento da resolutividade no atendimento, por meio da referência e contra-referência com as clínicas odontológicas da Unioeste, hierarquização da atenção e articulação do sistema de atenção à saúde bucal. A partir das atividades realizadas, verificou-se uma melhora no acesso da população às ações de saúde, tais como prevenção, tratamento e controle das doenças bucais, importantes, tanto para a consolidação das DCN no curso de Odontologia, bem como para a melhoria das ações do Sistema Único de Saúde no município.

In search for the implantation of the precepts of the National Curricular Guidelines (NCG) as well as the Single Health System for the Courses of Dentistry, the Disciplines of Community Health Dentistry I, II, III and IV from Unioeste, Cascavel Campus, started a new methodology towards their educational practices. A project was developed, in partnership with the Health Secretary of Cascavel, aiming at offering the population from a lower socioeconomic standard neighborhood a oral health model that included priority for in the basic attention by the development of collective and individual actions for the promotion, recovery, and maintenance of Oral Health. An increase of the resolutiveness of the care by reference and counter-reference with the dentistry clinics from Unioeste, hierarchization of the attention, and articulation of the Oral Care System was pursued. An improvement regarding the access by the population to health actions, such as prevention, treatment, and control of oral diseases, which are important for the consolidation of NCG in the Dentistry course, as well as for the improvement of the actions from SUS in the city of Cascavel, was verified.

Intracellular interleukin-1 receptor antagonist type 1 antagonizes the stimulatory effect of interleukin-1 alpha precursor on cell motility.

Interleukin (IL)-1alpha, a proinflammatory cytokine, is produced as a 33 kDa protein precursor (preIL-1alpha) which is cleaved to generate the 17 kDa C-terminal mature IL-1alpha (mIL-1alpha) and the 16kDa N-terminal IL-1alpha propiece (NIL-1alpha). The biological effect of IL-1alpha is regulated by the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), its naturally occurring inhibitor. Four different isoforms of the IL-1Ra have been described, one secreted (sIL-1Ra) and three intracellular (icIL-1Ra1, 2, 3). Whether the icIL-1Ra1 isoform can antagonize some of the biological effects of intracellular IL-1alpha is still unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate effects of preIL-1alpha and icIL-1Ra1 on cell motility in stably transfected ECV304 cells. We show that expression of preIL-1alpha in ECV304 cells significantly increases cell motility. Furthermore, transfection with NIL-1alpha propiece also increases cell motility whereas this stimulatory effect was not observed by addition of exogenous mIL-1alpha, suggesting an intracellular effect of preIL-1alpha mediated by NIL-1alpha propiece. Co-transfection of ECV304 cells with icIL-1Ra1 completely antagonizes the stimulatory effect of preIL-1alpha and NIL-1alpha propiece on cell motility. In conclusion, NIL-1alpha propiece increases ECV304 cell motility and icIL-1Ra1 exerts intracellular functions regulating this stimulatory effect.

Interleukin-1 plays a major role in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in male apolipoprotein E-knockout mice.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of the balance between interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation. METHODS: Transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing either secreted IL-1Ra or intracellular IL-1Ra1 as well as IL-1Ra-deficient mice (IL-1Ra -/-) were crossed with apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (ApoE -/-). RESULTS: In males fed a cholesterol-rich diet for 10 weeks, average atherosclerotic lesion area within aortic roots was significantly decreased in ApoE -/- secreted IL-1Ra Tg (-47%) and ApoE -/- intracellular IL-1Ra1 Tg (-40%) mice as compared to ApoE -/- non-Tg controls. The extent of sudanophilic lesions was reduced within the thoraco-abdominal aorta in ApoE -/- secreted IL-1Ra (-53%) and ApoE -/- intracellular IL-1Ra1 (-67%) Tg mice. In parallel experiments, we observed early mortality and illness among double deficient mice, whereas ApoE -/- IL-1Ra +/+ and ApoE +/+ IL-1Ra -/- mice were apparently healthy. After 7 weeks of diet, ApoE -/- IL-1Ra -/- mice exhibited massive aortic inflammation with destruction of the vascular architecture, but no signs of atherosclerosis. ApoE -/- IL-1Ra +/+ had atherosclerosis and a moderate inflammatory reaction, whereas ApoE +/+ IL-1Ra -/- mice were free of vascular lesions. Macrophages were present in large amounts within inflammatory lesions in the adventitia of ApoE -/- IL-1Ra -/- mice. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that the IL-1/IL-1Ra ratio plays a critical role in the pathogenic mechanisms leading to vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice.

Métodos de controle de infecção cruzada: uma avaliação do emprego na prática odontológica / Methods of the cross infection control: an evaluation of the use in dental practice

A utilização inadequada dos equipamentos de proteção individual, e a ausência de critérios na manipulação de instrumentos e objetos contaminados na prática odontológica podem resultar em diversas doenças: herpes, resfriados, gripes, sarampo, rubéola, pneumonia, infecções por estafilococos e estreptococos. Sabe-se na atualidade, que a grande preocupação de cirurgiões-dentistas recai sobre hepatite B e AIDS, pelos altos índices de mortalidade de ambas e a grande incidência da primeira entre os profissionais de Odontologia. Essas doenças podem ser transmitidas por saliva, sangue, fluídos corporais e vias respiratórias que fazem parte da rotina de todo profissional de Odontologia. É objetivo do presente trabalho, conhecer as medidas de controle de infecção empregadas por cirurgiões-dentistas de uma cidade do interior do estado do Paraná, que responderam a um questionário, cujas perguntas foram direcionadas ao conhecimento de medidas de controle de infecção cruzada