XEN glaucoma treatment system in the management of refractory glaucomas: a short review on trial data and potential role in clinical practice.

The recent development of new devices that are significantly less invasive, collectively termed minimally invasive glaucoma surgery, offers new perspective of intraocular pressure reduction with less risk, short operating times, and rapid recovery. The aim of this work is to provide a panoramic review of the currently published clinical data to assess the potential role of XEN gel stent (Allergan PLC, Irvine, CA, USA) in the management of glaucoma, which is the only filtering minimally invasive glaucoma surgery device that allows the subconjunctival filtration. The ab interno placement of the XEN gel stent offers an alternative for lowering intraocular pressure in refractory glaucoma as a final step, and in patients intolerant to medical therapy as an early surgical approach with minimum conjunctival tissue disruption, restricted flow to avoid hypotony, and long-term safety.

Effects of creatine administration on experimental liver fibrosis and on creatine and phosphocreatine content of rat muscle.

Creatine administration has no effect on the induction of liver cirrhosis caused by CCl4 in the rat. The muscle creatine content decreases in rats given CCl4 and this change is not modified by creatine treatment. Administered on its own it depresses the level of muscle creatine in normal rats. Creatinine administration increases the uptake of radioactive creatine by the muscle.