RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to determine the degree of Food Insecurity (FI) in adult patients with CKD during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the association between FI and food consumption. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), with and without substitutive treatment, and older than 18 years of age. Food security was measured using the Mexican Food Security Scale (MFSS). Sociodemographic data and a food frequency questionnaire were obtained. Multinomial logistic regression was performed using the 4 categories of food security (food security as reference); principal component analysis was also performed to assess the relationship between food consumption patterns and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS: The prevalence of FI in patients with CKD was 71.6%, the most prevalent degree of FI was moderate. As FI increased, a greater amount of beans, eggs, sweets/desserts, soft drinks, and artificial juices (P < .001) was consumed. The risk factors of FI were diabetes, hypertension, unpaid occupation, living in the country's capital, having children at home, or a decrease in income due to the pandemic. Four main components were identified that were associated with the different degrees of FI. CONCLUSION: The present study allowed us to conclude that more than 70% of CKD patients in the study cohort had some type of FI, which makes it difficult to adhere to treatment and may increase the risk of advanced CKD. A less healthy food pattern is associated with greater FI.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Adulto , Criança , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , Pandemias , Estudos Transversais , Abastecimento de Alimentos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Segurança AlimentarRESUMO
En este artículo presento un panorama de la alimentación en México, particularmente sobre la ciudad de México desde una perspectiva antropológica considerando aspectos socioculturales y económicos. Inicia con una breve revisión de los estudios antropológicos sobre alimentación en México, para reconocer tanto los aportes metodológicos como los principales problemas de estudio. Posteriormente, se presentan algunos datos de contextualización del país y de la ciudad que enmarcan los datos nutricios y alimentarios característicos. En las siguientes secciones se proponen algunas explicaciones sobre algunos de los fenómenos alimentarios contemporáneos, donde la obesidad es la característica principal en una sociedad de reciente acceso al consumo masivo, al mismo tiempo que se enfrenta al ideal cultural de delgadez. Los datos sobre la alimentación en México y los fenómenos sociales relacionados dan cuenta de la complejidad del fenómeno alimentario y de cómo los procesos macrosociales afectan las decisiones cotidianas de la gente. El análisis antropológico de la alimentación en la población mexicana ha permitido mostrar la relación entre estos procesos históricamente y en fechas recientes. Son la muestra de la utilidad de la metodología antropológica para estudiar la alimentación contemporánea, llena de contradicciones, que tienen que ver con el desarrollo del capitalismo y la sociedad de consumo, la promoción al consumo, y el acceso inmediato a él, la medicalización de la vida cotidiana, las ideas sobre el control corporal, y la imagen como un elemento de estatus.
This paper presents an overview of food in Mexico, particularly in Mexico City, from an anthropological perspective considering sociocultural and economic aspects. It begins with a brief review of anthropological studies on food in Mexico to recognize both the methodological contributions as the major problems of study. Subsequently, are presented some facts of contextualization of the country and city that frame the distinctive food and nutritional data. The following sections propose some explanations of some of the phenomena of contemporary food, where obesity is the main feature in a society of recent consumer access, while facing the cultural ideal of thinness. The data on food in Mexico and related social phenomena account for the complex nature of food and how macro-processes affect people's everyday decisions. The anthropological analysis of food in the Mexican population has been allowed to show the relationship between these processes historically and recently. They are the sign of the usefulness of anthropological methodology to study contemporary food, full of contradictions that have to do with the development of capitalism and consumer society, consumer promotion, and immediate access to it, the medicalization everyday life, ideas about body control, and image as an element of status.
