Calidad de los registros en las intoxicaciones voluntarias por fármacos en un Servicio de Urgencias / Quality of records in voluntary poisoning by drugs for an Emergency Department

Las consultas motivadas por los efectos secundarios de una intoxicación aguda suelen ser atendidas en los Servicios de Urgencias. Entre ellas se encuentran aquellas producidas por intoxicación voluntaria por fármacos. En el año 2006 se desarrollaron unos ítems para medir la calidad en la asistencia a las intoxicaciones agudas (CALITOX 2006). El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el grado de cumplimiento de estos ítems en las intoxicaciones voluntarias por fármacos. Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio retrospectivo durante los años 2003 y 2004 de las intoxicaciones voluntarias por fármacos atendidas en nuestro Servicio de Urgencias. Se valora el grado de cumplimiento de una serie de ítems extraídos de CALITOX 2006. Durante el periodo de estudio se atendieron 1531 intoxicaciones, de las que 400 fueron voluntarias por fármacos. La edad media de los intoxicados fue de 36 (14) años, y el 59% eran mujeres. La frecuencia cardiaca fue la única constante vital que cumplía el estándar. Se encontraron deficiencias en los ítems referentes a administración de antídotos, tiempo de demora, porcentaje de descontaminaciones digestivas, realización de valoración psiquiátrica y emisión de parte judicial. El estándar establecido se cumplió en el resto de ítems. Por tanto, se puede concluir que se debe mejorar la calidad asistencial en las intoxicaciones voluntarias por fármacos. Una forma de conseguirlo sería la valoración sistemática de una serie de indicadores de calidad, lo que permitiría conocer en que aspectos se debe incidir para que el personal asistencial mejore tanto el proceso asistencial como la calidad de los informes (AU)

Subjects with side effects due to an acute intoxication, including voluntary drug ingestion, usually seek medical care at emergency services. A list of items to measure the quality of care provided in acute intoxications was developed in 2006 (CALITOX 2006). The objective of this study was to assess the level of adherence to these items in acute intoxications caused by voluntary ingestion of drugs. A retrospective study of all cases of acute intoxication due to voluntary ingestion of drugs attended in our Emergency Department during 2003 and 2004 was carried out. The degree of compliance with a series of items from CALITOX 2006 was analyzed. During the study period, a total of 1531 intoxications were recorded, 400 of which were voluntary ingestion of drugs. The mean (SD) age of the subjects was 36 (14) years; 59% were women. Heart rate was the only vital constant that met the established standard. There were differences in the items regarding antidote administration, delayed time, percentage of digestive decontaminations, psychiatric consultation, and judicial notification. Established standards were fulfilled for the remaining ítems. Care provided to subjects with acute intoxications associated with voluntary drug ingestion should be improved. Systematic assessment of a series of quality indicators would allow determining those aspects that merit particular attention by health care professionals I order to improve both the process of care and the quality of reports (AU)

Asociación de otras drogas de abuso en la intoxicación por cocaína / Cocaine intoxication in association with other drugs of abuse

El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido llevar a cabo un análisis de las urgencias atendidas en un hospital urbano de tercer nivel que se han relacionado con el consumo de cocaína. Para ello se ha realizado un estudio retrospectivo, con exclusión del área de pediatría y ginecología, durante los años 2005 y 2006. Se revisaron todas las asistencias clínicas que consultaron por intoxicación por cocaína. Los datos fueron analizados con el paquete estadístico SPSS 15.0 para windows. Durante el periodo de estudio se produjeron 1.531 intoxicaciones (1,2% del total de las urgencias). De éstas, 327 eran por cocaína (21,4% de las intoxicaciones). La edad media fue de 31 (8) años y la moda de 26 años. Un 76,5% eran varones. El 69,1% ingresaron en ambulancia. La mayor afluencia se produjo en fin de semana (46,8%) y en horario nocturno (54,1%). El 53,2% eran consumidores habituales y el 25,4% esporádicos. Un 55,7% asociaron más de 2 drogas: el 53,5% alcohol, el 31,2% opiáceos, el 17.4% benzodiacepinas, el 17,1% cannabis, el 11,3% GHB y el resto otras drogas. El 77,1% consumieron en un lugar público. Tenían antecedentes de intoxicaciones previas un 59,3%. El 93% presentaban síntomatología: (52,6% neurológicos, 48% conductuales, 28,4% cardiovasculares, 19% respiratorios y 8,3% digestivos). Se administraron antídotos a un 20,5%. El destino final fue alta en las primeras 12 horas en el 60,9%, con solo un 5,7% de ingresos. Se realizó valoración psiquiátrica en el 21,1%. En conclusión, el perfil del usuario que consulta por intoxicación por cocaína es un varón de 26 años traído en ambulancia de un lugar público, en fin de semana, en horario nocturno, consumidor habitual, con sintomatología cardiológica y neurológica y dado de alta en menos de 12 horas. La intoxicación aguda por cocaína no es pura. Destaca la asociación de alcohol, opiáceos y benzodiacepinas. Menos de una cuarta parte fueron valorados por Psiquiatría (AU)

The main of this study was to analyze all patients with cocaine intoxication attended in the emergency department of a tertiary-care hospital. For this, a retrospective study for the years 2005 and 2006, excluding peadiatric and gynecological areas, has been carried out. All cases in which the main reason for seeking urgent medical care was cocaine intoxication were reviewed. Data were analyzed with the SPSS statistical package (version 15.0) for Windows. During the study period, a total of 1531 subjects with drug of abuse intoxication were attended, which accounted for 1.2% of all patients attended in the emergency department. Cocaine was the drug of abuse responsible for the intoxication in 327 cases (21.4% of all intoxications). The mean (SD) age of the patients was 31 (8) years (mode 26 years). A total of 76.5% were men, and 69.1% arrived to the emergency department in ambulance. A large percentage of subjects were attended on weekends (46.8%) and during the night shift (54.1%). A total of 53.2% were regular cocaine consumers and 25.4% consumed the drug sporadically. In 55.7% of the cases, more than two drugs were concomitantly consumed, including alcohol in 53.5% of cases, opioids in 31.2%, benzodiazepines in 17.4%, cannabis in 17.1%, gamma hydroxybutyric acid in 11.3%, and other drugs in the remaining cases. Drugs were consumed in a public place in 77.1% of cases. History of previous episodes of intoxication was recorded in 59.3% of cases. Symptoms were present in 93% of subjects (neurological in 52.6%, behavioural in 48%, cardiovascular in 28.4%, respiratory in 19%, and gastrointestinal in 8.3%). Antidotes were administered in 20.5% of cases. A total of 60.9% of subjects were discharged from the emergency department within the first 12 hours and only 5.7% were admitted to the hospital. Twenty-one percent of subjects underwent psychiatric assessment. In conclusion, the profile of a subject with cocaine intoxication attended in the emergency department is a man of 26 years of age, transferred in ambulance from a public place, on weekends and at night, regular cocaine consumer, presenting with neurological and cardiological symptoms, and discharged from the emergency department in less than 12 hours after admission. Cocaine intoxication occurred frequently in association with alcohol, opioids, and benzodiazepine use. Less than one fourth of subjects underwent psychiatric assessment (AU)

Mejorar la calidad asistencial en la atención a la mujermaltratada en los servicios de urgencias / Improving emergency care for battered women

Objetivo: Analizar la frecuentación, los factores de riesgo, la detección por parte del personal sanitario y el funcionamiento del circuito establecido con los servicios sociales(SS), para las mujeres atendidas por violencia de género (VG) en los servicios de urgencias(SU), con la finalidad de mejorar la calidad en la asistencia. Metodología: Estudio transversal, observacional y prospectivo de las mujeres atendidas por VG en los SU del Institut Municipal d’Assistència Sanitària (IMAS) durante el 2004.Los datos se recogieron en el mapa anatómico. Se consideró frecuentación un mínimo de tres visitas durante el año 2004.Resultados: Se realizaron 157.482 asistencias a pacientes mayores de 14 años, 79.787(50,1%) fueron mujeres. La atención por VG, 604 casos, representó el 0,76% de las asistencias. El 10,4% de los casos fueron detectados por el personal sanitario. El 29,6%eran frecuentadoras, los motivos de consulta más habituales y significativos (p < 0,001)fueron los trastornos inespecíficos, los ginecológicos, los traumatológicos, psiquiátricos, digestivos y neurológicos. El 52,6% presentaba factores de riesgo de VG, y los más frecuentes fueron gestación, abortos previos, relaciones sexuales no consentidas y aumento de la violencia. En el 3% de los casos no llegó la información a los SS. Conclusiones: Casi un tercio de las mujeres con VG fueron frecuentadoras a los SU, y más de la mitad presentaban factores de riesgo. La detección por parte del personal sanitario fue bajo (10,4%). Como resultado del estudio, se han adoptado las siguientes medidas para mejorar la calidad en la asistencia: 1. Cursos de formación para los residentes de primer año y de formación continuada dirigidos al personal del IMAS. 2. Informatización del mapa anatómico, que incluye de forma específica los factores de riesgo más frecuentes en nuestra área de influencia. 3. Se ha recomendado la detección rutinaria (AU)

Objective: To analyze the frequent use of emergency health services by battered women, risk factors for abuse, detection by health care staff, and referral to social services, with a view to improving quality of care. Methods: Prospective, cross-sectional, observational study of battered women receiving emergency care from the municipal health care services (IMAS, Institut Municipal d’Assistencia Sanitària) in Barcelona. Data were recorded on a standardized data collection sheet. Individuals who used the services at least 3 times in 2004 were considered frequent users. Results: The emergency services handled 157 482 calls for assistance from patients over the age of 14 years; 79 787(50.1%) were women. Gender-based violence accounted for 0.76% of the cases. Health care personnel detected gender-based violence in 10.4%. Of these, 29.6% women were frequent users. Nonspecific disorders, gynecologic complaints, trauma, psychiatric disorders, digestive complaints, and neurologic symptoms were significantly more frequent (P<.001) than other reasons for seeking care. Risk factors for gender-based violence were present in 52.6% of the cases, the most common factors being pregnancy, prior abortions, nonconsensual sex, and escalating violence. Social services were not contacted in 3% of the cases. Conclusions: Nearly a third of women suffering from gender based violence and more were frequent users of emergency services and more than half these women had risk factors. The rate of detection by health care staff was low(10.4%). The committee for assistance to battered women has adopted the following measures to improve quality of care: 1) training courses for first-year residents and continuing professional development courses for members of the staff; 2) computerization of the data collection sheet, including the most common risk factors in our health care area; and 3) routine detection systems (AU)

Tira reactiva de orina como test determinante en el manejo del síndrome miccional en los servicios de urgencias / Urine reactive strip as the determinant test in the management of the mictional syndrome in the emergency services

No disponible

Evaluation of a particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay for the measurement of ferritin: application to patients participating in an autologous blood transfusion program.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a turbidimetric immunoassay for the measurement of ferritin, and to assay this method in a group of patients undergoing an autologous blood transfusion program. DESIGN AND METHODS: We used an ILab 900 analyzer. This instrument automates a particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay with an analysis time of 9 min. This technique was compared with a microparticle immunoassay. The turbidimetric assay was used to measure ferritin in a group of 30 patients undergoing an autologous blood transfusion program. RESULTS: The assay was linear in the range 3-1400 microg/L (r = 0.9999). The intra- and inter-assay imprecision (CV) at 20, 97 and 469 microg/L were <3.0 and <5.0%, respectively. Recovery was 88. 7 to 97.4%. The detection limit was 3 microg/L. Hemoglobin (

[Systemic capillary leak syndrome]. / Sindrome de la hiperpermeabilidad capilar generalizada.

The systemic capillary leak syndrome is a rare condition, with a high mortality rate, characterised by recurrent episodes of generalized edema, with hemoconcentration and hypoproteinemia, associated with paraproteinemia. Pathophysiologically, this syndrome is caused by a sudden, reversible increase in capillary permeability, with a rapid shift of plasma from the intravascular to the extravascular compartment with subsequent hypovolemic shock. We report a new patient of this unusual condition, and we review its diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.

[Omeprazole in the prophylaxis of Mendelson syndrome in elective surgery]. / Omeprazol en la profilaxis del síndrome de Mendelson en cirugía electiva.

AIMS: To study the efficacy of different doses of omeprazole and the influence of premedication in the prophylaxis of the acid aspiration syndrome. METHODS: A double blind prospective study was carried out ASA I-III on 103 patients (mean age 51.08 yr) undergoing either general, gynecological or orthopedic surgery, allocated into 4 groups. Group NP: 24 non premedicated patients; group P: 29 patients premedicated with 1 mg of lorazepam the previous night and 50 mg of meperidine 1 hour before surgery and haloperidol or dipotassic chlorazepate according to age; group 020: 25 patients premedicated with the same drugs and doses as in group P plus 20 mg or oral omeprazole the night prior to surgery; group 040: 25 patients premedicated as in group P 40 mg of oral omeprazol the night prior to surgery. Following induction of anesthesia a nasogastric tube was placed and gastric juice withdrawn to determine the pH; were excluded patients with an aspiration volume of less than 8 ml. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in regard to pH among the non premedicated and premedicated groups, however a change between the latter two groups having received omeprazole was observed. The results of the pH were significantly higher in the group treated with 40 mg of omeprazole (mean 4.87 +/- SD 2.35) with respect to the group treated with 20 mg of omeprazole (mean 3.78 SD +/- 2.35). In the group treated with 40 mg of omeprazole, the incidence of pH < 1.5 was 4% vs 24% of cases in the group treated with 20 mg of omeprazole. CONCLUSIONS: Premedication with 40 mg of oral omeprazol the night prior to surgery increases pH up to safe values for the prophylaxis of the acid aspiration syndrome.