Primer design for complete sequencing of the Avastrovirus ORF2 gene / Desenho de primers para o sequenciamento completo do gene ORF2 em Avastrovirus

Avastrovirus infection is associated with enteric disease, nephritis, and hepatitis in birds. In this study, we present a protocol for the complete sequencing of the ORF2 gene of avian nephritis virus (ANV), chicken astrovirus (CAstV), and turkey astrovirus type 1 (TAstV-1) using a conventional Sanger technique. Previously and newly designed primer pairs targeting both the conserved flanking and internal regions of the ORF2 gene of these three viruses were used. The information derived from the astroviral sequences obtained in this study is fundamental for characterizing this virus and providing data regarding several aspects of disease epidemiology and prevention.

As infecções por avastrovírus estão associados à doença entérica, nefrite e hepatite em aves. Aqui, nos presentamos um protocolo planejado para o sequenciamento completo do gene ORF2 em Avian Nephritis Vírus (ANV), Chicken Astrovirus (CAstV) e Turkey Astrovirus tipo 1 (TAstV-1), usando a técnica de sequenciamento convencional de Sanger. Foram usados primers previamente descritos e desenhados neste estudo, tendo como alvo as regiões conservadas flanqueadoras e internas dentro do gene ORF2 nos três vírus. O conhecimento destas sequencias é um elemento chave para caracterizar o vírus e prover de dados em diversos aspectos da epidemiologia e prevenção da doença.

Primer design for complete sequencing of the Avastrovirus ORF2 gene / Desenho de primers para o sequenciamento completo do gene ORF2 em Avastrovirus

Avastrovirus infection is associated with enteric disease, nephritis, and hepatitis in birds. In this study, we present a protocol for the complete sequencing of the ORF2 gene of avian nephritis virus (ANV), chicken astrovirus (CAstV), and turkey astrovirus type 1 (TAstV-1) using a conventional Sanger technique. Previously and newly designed primer pairs targeting both the conserved flanking and internal regions of the ORF2 gene of these three viruses were used. The information derived from the astroviral sequences obtained in this study is fundamental for characterizing this virus and providing data regarding several aspects of disease epidemiology and prevention.(AU)

As infecções por avastrovírus estão associados à doença entérica, nefrite e hepatite em aves. Aqui, nos presentamos um protocolo planejado para o sequenciamento completo do gene ORF2 em Avian Nephritis Vírus (ANV), Chicken Astrovirus (CAstV) e Turkey Astrovirus tipo 1 (TAstV-1), usando a técnica de sequenciamento convencional de Sanger. Foram usados primers previamente descritos e desenhados neste estudo, tendo como alvo as regiões conservadas flanqueadoras e internas dentro do gene ORF2 nos três vírus. O conhecimento destas sequencias é um elemento chave para caracterizar o vírus e prover de dados em diversos aspectos da epidemiologia e prevenção da doença.(AU)

Molecular characterization of the porcine group A rotavirus NSP2 and NSP5/6 genes from São Paulo State, Brazil, in 2011/12.

Rotaviruses are responsible for the acute diarrhea in various mammalian and avian species. The nonstructural proteins NSP2 and NSP5 are involved in the rotavirus replication and the formation of viroplasm, cytoplasmic inclusion bodies within which new viral particles morphogenesis and viral RNA replication occur. There are few studies on the genetic diversity of those proteins; thus this study aims at characterizing the diversity of rotavirus based on NSP2 and NSP5 genes in rotaviruses circulating in Brazilian pig farms. For this purpose, 63 fecal samples from pig farms located in six different cities in the São Paulo State, Brazil, were screened by nested RT-PCR. Seven strains had the partial nucleotide sequencing for NSP2, whereas in six, the total sequencing for NSP5. All were characterized as genotype H1 and N1. The nucleotide identity of NSP2 genes ranged from 100% to 86.4% and the amino acid identity from 100% to 91.5%. For NSP5, the nucleotide identity was from 100% to 95.1% and the amino acid identity from 100% to 97.4%. It is concluded that the genotypes of the strains circulating in the region of study are in agreement with those reported in the literature for swine and that there is the possibility of interaction between human and animal rotaviruses.