Effect of Oral Administration with Lactobacillus plantarum CAM6 on the Hematological Profile, Relative Weight of Digestive Organs, and Cecal Traits in Growing Pigs.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration with L. plantarum CAM6 on the hematological profile, relative weight of digestive organs, and cecal traits in growing pigs. A total of 36 castrated male pigs [(Landrace × Pietrain) × Duroc] aged 49 to 139 days old were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups with 12 animals per treatment. The treatments included a control diet without additives (CTRL), a positive control with subtherapeutic antibiotics (TRT1), and CTRL supplemented with 5 mL Lactobacillus plantarum CAM6 preparation providing 109 CFU/pig/day (TRT2). The TRT2 group showed a higher (p ≤ 0.05) small intestine length and the cecum relative weight compared to the CTRL group. Moreover, L. plantarum CAM6 supplementation promoted (p ≤ 0.05) increased thickness of the muscular and mucosal layers, as well as enhanced depth and width of the cecal crypts. The TRT2 group also showed well-defined crypts without lesions, while the CTRL and TRT1 groups exhibited congestion, lymphocytic infiltration in the crypt, and intestinal-associated lymphoid tissue atrophy, respectively. Additionally, TRT2 stimulated (p ≤ 0.05) the growth of the autochthonous cecal microbiota compared to other experimental groups. Overall, the results indicate that oral administration of L. plantarum CAM6 improved intestinal health and enhanced the growth of autochthonous cecal lactic acid bacteria and had no impact on the complete blood count in growing pigs.

Effect of Oral Administration with Lactobacillus plantarum CAM6 Strain on Sows during Gestation-Lactation and the Derived Impact on Their Progeny Performance.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the biological response of the sows and their offspring with oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum CAM6 in breeding sows, a total of 20 Pietrain breeding sows with three farrowings and their descendants were used, randomly divided into two groups of 10 sows each. Treatments included a basal diet (T0) and basal diet +10 mL biological agent containing 109 CFU/mL L. plantarum CAM6 (T1). No antibiotics were used throughout the entire experimental process of this study. RESULTS: The L. Plantarum CAM6 supplementation in sows' feeding did not affect (P > 0.05) the reproductive performance of the sows; however, the number of deaths for their offspring before weaning (P ≤ 0.05) decreased. In addition, the oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum CAM6 in sows increased (P ≤ 0.05) the content of lactose, nonfat solids, mineral salts, and the density of sows' milk, with a decrease in milk fat. Moreover, the probiotic feed orally to the sows improved the body weight (P ≤ 0.05) and reduced the diarrhea incidence of their offspring (P ≤ 0.05). Also, the probiotic administration of sows changed (P ≤ 0.05) the serum concentration of Na+, pCO2, and D-ß-hydroxybutyrate and increased (P ≤ 0.05) the leukocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets in their piglets. CONCLUSION: Oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum CAM6 in breeding sows improved body weight, physiological status, and the health of their offspring. And preparing the neonatal piglets physiologically is of great importance to the pig farming industry which could decrease the operational cost and medication (especially antibiotics) consumption of the pig producers.

In Vitro Characterization of Indigenous Probiotic Strains Isolated from Colombian Creole Pigs.

Three lactic acid strains were isolated from feces of the native Zungo Pelado breed of pigs (n = 5) and presumably identified as belonging to the Lactobacillaceae family by morphological techniques showing that they were Gram-positive/rod-shaped and catalase- and oxidase-negative. They were then identified by biochemical tests using API 50CHL as Lactobacillus plantarum (CAM6), Lactobacillus brevis (CAM7), and Lactobacillus acidophilus (CL4). However, 16S rRNA identification showed that all three strains were Lactobacillus plantarum. Additionally, all three isolates were able to grow in pH 3 and 4. Interestingly, the growth of the CAM7 strain decreased at pH 5.6 compared to that of the CAM6 strain (p < 0.05), and the growth of the CL4 strain was reduced at pH 7(p < 0.05). All three candidates showed good growth on bile salts (≥0.15%), and CAM6 and CAM7 showed better tolerance at higher concentrations (0.30%). Similarly, all strains tolerated sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations from 2 to 10%. These strains also grew well at all temperatures tested (30, 37, and 42 °C). The CAM6 strain showed in vitro antibacterial activity against selected enteropathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli strain NBRC 102203 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 4.5.12) and commensal bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC BAA-1705D-5 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442) and resistance to all antibiotics except amoxicillin. Further studies to evaluate the effects of these probiotic candidate strains in commercial pigs are currently underway.

Evaluation of Oral Administration of Lactobacillus plantarum CAM6 Strain as an Alternative to Antibiotics in Weaned Pigs.

The objective was to evaluate the effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum CAM6 strain as an alternative to antibiotics in weaned pigs on productive parameters, blood biochemical profile, and IgA serum levels. Thirty-six 21-day-old weaned piglets were randomly assigned to three groups with three replicates of four piglets each. Treatments consisted of a basal diet (BD; T0) without probiotics or antibiotics; BD + antibiotics and the same basal diet used in T0 plus oral administration of 5 mL × 109 CFU/mL of L. plantarum CAM-6 (T2). During the study (21 to 49 days of age) T2 obtained a similar live weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio when compared to the T1. Both treatments were better in these variables compared to T0 (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, T2 increased serum IgA levels (p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, hematological parameters and acid-base balance remained similar in all groups. However, significant reductions in the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, platelets, and metabolic hydrogen ions were observed in T1 (p ≤ 0.05). The results of this study suggest that supplementation with L. plantarum CAM6 can be an alternative to antibiotics. Studies to evaluate its efficacy under commercial conditions and water administration require further evaluation.

Role of the Phytochemical Compounds like Modulators in Gut Microbiota and Oxidative Stress.

BACKGROUND: Currently, daily consumption of green herb functional food or medicinal herbs has increased as adopted by many people worldwide as a way of life or even as an alternative to the use of synthetic medicines. Phytochemicals, which are a series of compounds of relatively complex structures and restricted distribution in plants, usually perform the defensive functions for plants against insects, bacteria, fungi or other pathogenic factors. A series of studies have found their effectiveness in the treatment or prevention of systemic diseases such as autoimmune diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, Crohn's disease and so on. OBJECTIVE: This review systematizes the literature on the mechanisms of the phytochemicals that react against unique free radicals and prevent the oxidative stress and also summarizes their role in gut microbiota inhibiting bacterial translocation and damage to the intestinal barrier and improving the intestinal membrane condition. CONCLUSION: The gut microbiota modulation and antioxidant activities of the phytochemicals shall be emphasized on the research of the active principles of the phytochemicals.

Detección de la Diversidad Genética del Cerdo Doméstico (Sus scrofa domestica) Utilizando Marcadores Microsatélites, en Sahagún-Córdoba, Colombia / Detection of Genetic Diversity of the Domestic Pig (Sus scrofa domestica) by means Microsatellite Markers in Sahagún - Córdoba, Colombia

En el presente trabajo se estudió la caracterización genética de una población de cerdo doméstico (Sus scrofa domestica) en Sahagún, Departamento de Córdoba, Colombia (8° 57’ 02’’ Norte y 75° 26’ 44’’ Oeste), para identificar su situación genética. Se estudiaron 51 muestras de la población. Se han emplearon 20 microsatélites, cinco pertenecen a la lista de los recomendados por la FAO / ISAG (Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura / Sociedad Internacional de Genética Animal) para estudios de biodiversidad porcina y los loci restantes representan la mayor parte del genoma porcino. Con los análisis se pudo determinar que todos los microsatélites utilizados han resultado polimórficos y se han detectado, entre 3 (S0385) y 13 (SW780) alelos, con un número medio de alelos de 6,05 y un total de 121 alelos. La heterocigosidad media esperada fue 0,5219 y la observada 0,5581. Los valores del PIC (Polymorphism Information Content, por sus siglas en inglés) oscilaron entre 0,2542 y 0,7021 para los loci S0385 y SW780 respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que el cerdo doméstico en Sahagún, presenta alto grado de variabilidad genética.

The objective of this research was to study the genetic diversity of a population of domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) in the municipality of Sahagún, Department of Córdoba, Colombia (8 ° 57 ‘02’ ‘North and 75 ° 26 ‘44’ ‘West). For this purpose, 51 samples of the population were studied, using 20 microsatellites, 5 of which belong to the list recommended by FAO/ISAG (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization/ International Society of Animal Genetics) for studies of porcine biodiversity and the remaining loci represent the major part of the porcine genome. From the analysis performed, it was possible to determine that all the microsatellites used were polymorphic, with 3 (S0385) and 13 (SW780) alleles, with an average number of alleles of 6.05 for a total of 121 alleles. The expected mean heterozygosity was 0.5219 and the observed was 0.5581. The values of the Polymorphism Informational Content (PIC) ranged from 0.2542 to 0.7021 for loci S0385 and SW780, respectively. The results allow us to conclude that the domestic pig in Sahagún, has a high degree of genetic variability.

Estudio serológico sobre neosporosis en bovinos con problemas reproductivos en Montería, Córdoba, Colombia / Serological study about neosporosis in cattle with reproductive disorders in Monteria, Cordoba, Colombia

Objetivo. Determinar la presencia de anticuerpos contra N. caninum en vacas con desordenes reproductivos. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron muestras de suerode 196 vacas procedentes de 27 fincas del municipio de Montería, Colombia. La prueba utilizada para la determinación de anticuerpos fue ELISA. Los criterios deinclusión para las vacas fueron: antecedentes de aborto, momificaciones, reabsorciones embrionarias y repetición de servicios. Resultados. El estudio determinó una seropositividad contra N. caninum del 10,2 por ciento. De los animales muestreados, el 10,76 por ciento presentaron abortos, 9,75 por ciento fueron vacas repetidoras de celo, 20.0 por ciento presentaron momificación fetal y 0.0 por ciento con reabsorciones embrionarias. Conclusiones. Con base en los resultados se puede afirmar que existe evidencia de circulación antigénica de N. caninum en hembras bovinas del municipio de Montería, Colombia

Objective. To determine the presence of antibodies anti N. caninum in cows with reproductive disorders. Materials and methods. Sera of 196 cows from 27 farms of Montería city, Colombia, were included. The test used was ELISA. The criteria of inclusion for the cows were: antecedents of abortion, fetal mummification, reabsorption and repetition of services. Results. The study determined seropositive to N. caninum in 10,2% of the animals, of which 10,76% presented abortions, 9,75% were repeating heat, 20.0% presented fetal mummification and 0,0% embryonic reabsorption. Conclusions. There is an antigenic circulation of Neospora caninum in bovine females of Monteria.

Seroepidemiología de la rinotraqueitis infecciosa bovina en el municipio de Montería, Colombia / Seroepidemiology of the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in the municipality of Montería, Colombia

Objetivo. Estudiar la sero prevalencia de IBR en ganado bovino con antecedentes de infertilidad. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron 150 muestras de sangre de hembras con antecedentes de infertilidad y sin historia de vacunación contra IBR, pertenecientes a 32 fincas distribuidas en el municipio de Montería. adicionalmente, se obtuvieron muestras al azar de 20 toros pertenecientes a las mismas fincas. Se analizaron anticuerpos contra IBR mediante la prueba de ELISA. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron una seroprevalencia de 74.7 por ciento para rinotraqueitis infecciosa bovina. Seencontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a prevalencía para las variables sexo y edad de los animales (p<0.05). No hubo diferencias significativas en prevalencía para las variables raza, zona, tipo de explotación y alteraciones reproductivas (p>0.05). Conclusión. La alta prevalencia de la infección por IBR en vacas podrían correlacionarse con la infección en toros, lo cual tiene un significado relevante, ya que la infección es de transmisión venérea. Estos resultados deben alertar a las autoridades sanitarias para que implementen estrategias de prevención y control

Objective. To study the seroprevalence of IBR in livestock bovine with infertility antecedents. Materials and methods. Blood samples were collected from 150 animals with infertility antecedents and nonvaccinated history against IBR, belonging to 32 farms in Monteria municipality and samples at random of 20 bulls belonging to the same farms. Antibodies were analyzed against IBR by using ELISA test. Results. The results showed a seroprevalence of 74.7% for bovine rhinotracheitis infectious. They were significant differences with regard to prevalence for sex and age variables of animals (p<0.05). There were not significant differences in prevalence for the variable race, area, type of exploitation and reproductive alterations (p>0.05). Conclusion. The high prevalence of the infection for IBR in cows could be associated with the infection in bulls, which has an outstanding meaning, since the infection is of venereal transmission. These results should alert to sanitary authorities in order to implement prevention and control strategies.