Non-Institutional Childbirths and the Associated Socio-Demographic Factors in Gambella Regional State, Ethiopia.

The decades-long global efforts to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality have shown overall progress, but most developing countries are still lagging significantly. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of non-institutional childbirths in the Gambella State and to identify socio-demographic factors responsible for non-institutional utilization of available birth services by reproductive-aged mothers. A community-based cross-sectional study design was adopted using a multi-stage random sampling technique. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the selected place of birth. EpiData version 3.1 and SPSS version 13.0 were applied for data entry and analyses. All the 657 eligible mothers recruited for this study responded to the interview. 71% of the total respondents had non-institutional childbirths (NICB), and the rest had their most recent childbirth in an institution with skilled healthcare providers' assistance. Socio-demographic factors were significantly associated with NICB. Nuer (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.23-3.63) and Majang ethnic (AOR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.02-3.83) groups had higher rates of NICB than the rest of the study population. The prevalence of non-institutional childbirths in Gambella remained two times higher than the institutional childbirths.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of self-medication with antibiotics among community residents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Self-medication with antibiotics, which may cause significant antibiotic resistance, is predominant in developing countries. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of self-medication with antibiotics among community residents in Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted from June to August 2017. Knowledge-Attitude-Practice questionnaire was developed and distributed to eligible household respondents in Addis Ababa and its surrounding area. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with self-medication with antibiotics. Results: Among the 605 invited participants, 595 respondents were participated in this study (response rate = 98.3%) and 67.3% of the respondents had reported self-medication with antibiotics in the past 6 months. The median score of knowledge about antibiotics was 3 (Inter quarter range: 2-4) of a maximum possible score of 6 and the median score of attitude was 19 (Inter quarter range: 16-22) from a maximum of 29. Self-medication with antibiotics was significantly associated with age, educational status, and average monthly income of the communities. Conclusions: Respondents have inadequate knowledge and inappropriate practice toward rational use of antibiotics. Policies such as restricting the purchase of antibiotics without a medical prescription and educating appropriate use of antibiotics are urgently needed.