Strength training in patients with fibromyalgia: a feasibility study / Entrenamiento de fuerza en pacientes con fibromialgia: un estudio de factibilidad / Treinamento de força em pacientes com fibromialgia: um estudo de viabilidade

ABSTRACT Introduction: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) is characterized by the presence of diffuse pain lasting for more than three months and is often associated with sleep disorders. Studies have investigated the effect of strength training (ST) on pain and sleep quality in FM patients, but there continue to be diverse perspectives on the effects of this intervention in this population. Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the effects of strength training (ST) on pain and sleep quality in FM patients. Methods: Forty-eight women with FM participated in the study between August and October, 2012. Six (55±6.5 years) performed ST, conducted at Santa Catarina State University, and eight (47±9 years) comprised the control group. The Socio-Demographic and Clinical Questionnaire, the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used. Data were collected before the first session and after the eight-week intervention and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests. Results: The eight- week ST intervention decreased pain (p< 0.05) and significantly diminished the daytime sleep dysfunctions (p< 0.05), demonstrating that the proposed program contributes to improving patient quality of life. Conclusion: ST is a feasible treatment for patients with fibromyalgia. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic study.

RESUMEN Introducción: El síndrome de fibromialgia (FM) se caracteriza por la presencia de dolor difuso de más de tres meses de duración y suele asociarse a trastornos del sueño. Los estudios han investigado el efecto del entrenamiento de fuerza (ST) sobre el dolor y la calidad del sueño en pacientes con FM, pero todavía existen diversas perspectivas respecto a los efectos de esta intervención en esta población. Objetivos: El objetivo del estudio fue examinar los efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza sobre el dolor y la calidad del sueño de los pacientes con FM. Métodos: Cuarenta y ocho mujeres con FM participaron en el estudio entre agosto y octubre de 2012. Seis (55 ± 6,5 años) se sometieron a un entrenamiento de fuerza realizado en la Universidad del Estado de Santa Catarina, y ocho (47 ± 9 años) constituyeron el grupo de control. Se utilizó el Cuestionario sociodemográfico y Clínico, la escala visual analógica (EVA) para el dolor y el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh. Los datos fueron recopilados antes de la primera sesión y después de la intervención de ocho semanas y se analizaron mediante estadísticas descriptivas y pruebas de inferencia. Resultados: La intervención de ocho semanas con ST disminuyó el dolor (p <0,05) y redujo significativamente los trastornos del sueño durante el día (p <0,05), lo que demuestra que el programa propuesto contribuye a mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Conclusión: El entrenamiento de fuerza es un tratamiento viable para pacientes con fibromialgia. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos.

RESUMO Introdução: A síndrome da fibromialgia (FM) é caracterizada pela presença de dor difusa com duração de mais de três meses e, frequentemente, é associada a distúrbios do sono. Estudos investigaram o efeito do treinamento de força (ST) sobre a dor e a qualidade do sono dos pacientes com FM, mas ainda existem diversas perspectivas quanto aos efeitos da intervenção nessa população. Objetivos: O objetivo do estudo foi examinar os efeitos do treinamento de força (ST) sobre a dor e a qualidade do sono de pacientes com FM. Métodos: Quarenta e oito mulheres com FM participaram do estudo entre agosto e outubro de 2012. Seis (55 ± 6,5 anos) realizaram treinamento de força, conduzido na Universidade Estadual de Santa Catarina, e oito (47 ± 9 anos) constituíram o grupo controle. Foram empregados o Questionário Sociodemográfico e Clínico, a escala visual analógica (EVA) para dor e o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh. Os dados foram coletados antes da primeira sessão e depois da intervenção de oito semanas e foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e testes inferenciais. Resultados: A intervenção de 8 semanas com ST diminuiu a dor (p < 0,05) e reduziu significativamente as disfunções diurnas do sono (p <0,05), demonstrando que o programa proposto contribui para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Conclusão: O ST é um tratamento viável para pacientes com fibromialgia. Nível de evidência II; Estudo terapêutico.

Prevalence of poor sleep quality in athletes before competition.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate athletes sleep quality before competition and its relationship with age, gender, sport modality, competitive level, competition result, and practice time. METHODS: The sample was 1010 Brazilian athletes (656 men and 354 women; 511 young and 499 adults), with an age of 20 ± 7 years old. Participants answered the question 'How would you evaluate the quality of your sleep in the past few days?' Participants rated their sleep quality on a Likert-type scale as follows: 1 = very poor, 2 = poor, 3 = regular, 4 = good, 5 = excellent. RESULTS: Young athletes were 2.30 times more likely to experience poor sleep than adult athletes (p < 0.01; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.47-3.61). Individual athletes were 3.45 times more likely to present poor sleep compared to athletes of team sports (p = 0.00; 95% CI = 2.18-5.48). International athletes were 1.71 times more likely to present regular sleep compared to regional athletes (p = 0.01; 95% CI = 1.16-2.51). Conclusions: Thus, our study indicates that young, individual sports, and international athletes may be at higher risk of poor sleep quality before competitions.

Impact of Problematic Smartphone Use on Mental Health of Adolescent Students: Association with Mood, Symptoms of Depression, and Physical Activity.

Problematic smartphone use in adolescent students can impair their mental health and behavior, thereby affecting academic performance and interpersonal relationships as well as reducing time spent on physical activity. This study investigated the association between problematic smartphone use and mood, symptoms of depression, and level of physical activity in adolescent students. The sample consisted of 308 boys (46.1 percent, 16.04 ± 1.30 years) and 359 girls (53.9 percent, 15.54 ± 1.44 years), aged 13-18 years (15.77 ± 1.40 years). Four instruments were used: the Sociodemographic, School, and General Health Characteristics Questionnaire; Smartphone Addiction Scale (to measure problematic smartphone use); Brunel Mood Scale; and Beck Depression Inventory. The study found that physically inactive adolescent students were more likely to present with problematic smartphone use than those who were physically active, and girls were more likely to exhibit problematic smartphone use than boys. Adolescent students with problematic smartphone use presented with more mood disturbances and symptoms of depression than did adolescent students without problematic smartphone use. Overall, physical inactivity and problematic smartphone use can reduce vigor and increase symptoms of depression in adolescent students.

Effect of practice exergames on the mood states and self-esteem of elementary school boys and girls during physical education classes: A cluster-randomized controlled natural experiment.

Reduced physical exercise can impact children's mental health. Use of active electronic games can help promote psychological health. Physical education (PE class) uses different resources, methods, and contents to promote student health. We investigated the effect of exergames on the mood and self-esteem of children and compare it that of with traditional PE classes. From a sample of 213 children (7-11 years old), 140 from 10 classes of the fourth and fifth grades of elementary school (59 boys, 81 girls; mean age 9.41±0.48 years), allocated to an experimental group (EG; n = 68; five clusters) and a PE group (PE; n = 72; five clusters), participated in this experimental controlled study. The EG practiced exergames during three 40-minute classes, and the PE group held three routine curricular PE classes. Brunel's Mood Scale and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale were applied. Repeated measures ANOVA identified differences between sexes and groups. The main results of the EG demonstrated reduced tension in girls (p <0.05; ES: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.17-1.05). Regarding sex comparisons, anger was lower in girls (F: 4.57; p <0.05; ES: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.11-1.11) in the EG. Vigor was higher in girls in the EG than in those in the PE group (F: 5.46; p <0.05; ES: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.12-1.01). The main results of the PE group indicated increased self-esteem in boys (p <0.05; ES: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.08-1.07) and reduction of girls' mental confusion (p <0.05; ES 0.58; 95% CI 0.15-1.06). Thus, exergames impact boys' and girls' self-esteem and mood, as well as traditional physical education classes. Further study on exergames in schools is essential, with long-term effects on physical and mental health. Exergames bring interesting, varied content, technology, and innovation that can increase the attractiveness of physical education.

The relationship between sleep quality and fibromyalgia symptoms.

This study investigated the relationship between sleep quality and fibromyalgia symptoms in 326 patients. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess the presence of sleep disorders. Multivariate analysis of variance was performed to determine the influence of fibromyalgia symptoms on sleep quality. The prevalence of sleep disorders was 92.9 percent. Patients reported generalized pain (88.3%), memory failure (78.5%), moodiness (59%), excessive anxiety (77.5%), and concentration difficulties (69.1%). Patients with more symptoms reported poor sleep quality (p < .05; d = .74), and the total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score correlated with the number of symptoms (p < .01). Sleep quality has an important association with fibromyalgia symptoms.

Acute Effect of Exergames on Children's Mood States During Physical Education Classes.

Objective: We aimed to confirm whether the practice of exergames produces an effect on children's mood states during school physical education (PE) classes. Materials and Methods: The children were allocated to experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). The EG performed exergames during PE classes, and the CG attended regular school PE classes. The Brunel Mood Scale, which evaluates six mood dimensions (tension, mental confusion, anger, vigor, depression, and fatigue), was used to assess the children's moods before (pre) and immediately after the third lesson (acute effect). Results: The practice of exergames during PE classes produced an acute effect on children's moods. The results indicated that playing exergames helped to increase vigor (P < 0.01; effect size [ES]: 0.50; confidence interval [CI]: 0.16-0.84) and fatigue (P < 0.01; ES: 0.50; CI: 0.16-0.84). Conclusion: Three exergame sessions produced an acute effect and improved children's moods during school PE classes. More research is needed to evaluate the long-term effect of exergames on children and adolescents.

Estados de Humor e Resultado Esportivo de Uma Equipe ao Longo da Segunda Fase da Liga Nacional de Futsal / Mood States and Sports Results of a Team Throughout the Second Phase of the National Futsal League

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o humor de atletas profissionais de futsal durante a segunda fase da Liga Futsal Brasileira 2012. A amostra foi composta por 15 atletas do sexo masculino e o instrumento utilizado para avaliação foi a Escala de Humor de Brunel. Os resultados mostram que houve diferenças significativas (p<0,05) dos estados de humor no dia anterior, pré-jogo e pós-jogo. A equipe apresentou estados de humor correspondente ao perfil iceberg em quase todos os momentos: vigor constante e elevado, com exceção do pós-jogo nas derrotas; e fadiga com índices baixos, que se apresentaram elevadas no pós-jogo. Conclui-se que os estados de humor podem intervir positivamente ou negativamente no desempenho esportivo da equipe.

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the moods states of professional futsal players during the second phase of the Brazilian Futsal League 2012. The sample was composed of 15 male athletes and the instrument used for evaluation was the Brunel Mood Scale. The results show that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in mood states on the previous day, pre-game and post-game. The team presented mood states corresponding to the iceberg profile in almost all times: constant and high vigor, except for the post-game defeats, and fatigue with low levels, which were elevated in the post-game. It was concluded that mood states can positively or negatively interfere with team sports performance.

Perfil sociodemográfico, socioeconômico e esportivo de tenistas infantojuvenis brasileiros de elite / Socioeconomic, socio-demographic and sports profiles of brazilian elite junior tennis players / perfil sociodemográfico, socioeconómico y deportivo de tenistas infantojuveniles brasileños de élite

O estudo objetivou descrever o perfil sociodemográfico, socioeconômico e esportivo de tenistas infantojuvenis brasileiros competitivos de elite. Participaram 130 tenistas, sendo 102 homens e 28 mulheres. A maioria dos tenistas é natural das Regiões Sudeste e Sul e houve um predomínio de tenistas treinando nessas regiões. A maioria dos tenistas pertence à classe socioeconômica A. Em média, os tenistas iniciaram no tênis aos oito anos e o início em competições de tênis foi aos 11 anos. Os tempos médios de prática e de prática competitiva dos tenistas foram de sete e quatro anos, respectivamente. Já foram finalistas em competição internacional 16% dos atletas e aproximadamente a metade já disputou finais em competições internacionais e nacionais. Concluiu-se que os tenistas investigados são oriundos das classes econômicas mais altas. Além disso, os tenistas apresentaram grande volume de treino e tempo de prática

The study aimed to describe the sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and sports profiles of Brazilian competitive elite junior tennis players. A total of 130 athletes participated, being 102 males and 28 females. Most of them come from Brazil's Southeast and South and train in those regions. Most belong to the "A" socioeconomic class. On average, they began practicing tennis at the age of eight and started competing at the age of 11. Their average practice and competition times were seven and four years respectively. Some (16%) have been finalists in international competitions and nearly half have already played finals in national and international competitions. Those players were found to come from Brazil's highest economic classes. Moreover, they showed large amount of training and practice time

El estudio describe el perfil sociodemográfico, socioeconómico y deportivo de tenistas infantojuveniles de élite brasileños. Participaron 130 tenistas, siendo 102 hombres y 28 mujeres. La mayoría de los tenistas es natural de las regiones Sudeste y Sur y entrenan en esas regiones. La mayoría pertenece a la clase socioeconómica A. En promedio, comenzaron a practicar tenis a los ocho años y comenzaron a participar en competiciones a los 11 años. Los tiempos de práctica y de práctica competitiva fueron de siete y cuatro años en promedio, respectivamente. Han sido finalistas en competiciones internacionales 16% de los atletas y alrededor de la mitad ha disputado finales en competiciones nacionales e internacionales. Se concluye que los tenistas investigados son oriundos de las clases económicas más altas. Además, presentaron gran volumen de entrenamiento y tiempo de práctica

What Is the Effect of Strength Training on Pain and Sleep in Patients With Fibromyalgia?

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate the effect of an 8-wk structured strength training program on pain and sleep quality in patients with fibromyalgia. DESIGN: Fifty-two patients with fibromyalgia were evaluated; 31 submitted to strength training and 21 comprised the control group. The instruments used were the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The questionnaires were applied before the first training session, at 12 sessions, and after 24 sessions. Descriptive statistics (mean, SD, and frequency) and inferential tests were used. RESULTS: After 8 wks of intervention, significant differences were found between groups in subjective quality of sleep (P = 0.03), sleep disturbance (P = 0.02), daytime dysfunction (P = 0.04), and total sleep score (P < 0.01). The correlation analysis using Spearman's test indicated a positive relationship between the variables of pain intensity and sleep quality (P < 0.01); when pain intensity increased in patients with fibromyalgia, sleep quality worsened. CONCLUSIONS: Strength training is safe and effective in treating people with fibromyalgia, and a significant decrease in sleep disturbances occurs after 8 wks of intervention.