[The values of cardio-ankle vascular and ankle-brachial indices in patients with carbohydrate metabolic disorders: The ESSE-RF study in the Kemerovo Region]. / Znacheniya serdechno-lodyzhechnogo sosudistogo i lodyzhechno-plechevogo indeksov u patsientov s narusheniyami uglevodnogo obmena (issledovanie ESSE-RF v Kemerovskoi oblasti).

AIM: To investigate factors associated with pathological cardio-ankle vascular and ankle-brachial indices (CAVI and ABI) in patients with carbohydrate metabolic disorders (CMD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the framework of the multicenter epidemiological study "Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and Their Risk Factors in the Russian Federation" (ESSE-RF) in March to October 2013. The standard ESSE-RF protocol was extended by an additional study of peripheral arterial stiffness, by estimating CAVI and ABI automatically. A sample of 1619 people was formed in several stages, in which 311 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes were identified and divided into 3 groups: 1) 41 patients with pathological CAVI values (≥9.0); 2) 241 with normal CAVI (<9.0); 3) 29 with pathological ABI (<0.9). RESULTS: In the population-based sample of patients with CMD, the pathological CAVI values (≥9.0) were detected in 14.5%, and the pathological ABI was in 9.3% of the examinees. Regression analysis showed that the pathological vascular indices (both CAVI and ABI) were significantly associated with increases in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), and a decrease in glomerular filtration rate. At the same time, only the pathological CAVI was associated with advancing age (odds ratio (OR), 1.111; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.050-1.176; p < 0.001), visceral obesity (OR, 3.088; 95% CI, 1.001-10.495; p=0.038), smoking duration (OR, 1.093; 95% CI, 1.008-1.185; p=0.009), prior stroke (OR, 4.695; 95% CI, 1.408-15.658; p=0.018), and a need for insulin therapy (OR, 18.947; 95% CI, 1.902- 87.783; p=0.006). The pathological ABI was associated with male sex (OR, 2.227; 95% CI, 1.040-4.765; p=0.039), prior myocardial infarction (OR, 8.646; 95% CI, 2.174-34.378; p=0.005), obesity (OR, 2.439; 95% CI, 1.010-5.889; p=0.034); hyperglycemia (OR, 2.439; 95% CI, 1.010-5.889; p=0.034), hyperuricemia (OR, 4.009; 95% CI, 1.850-8.684; p=0.033), and increases in triglyceride levels (OR, 2.984; 95% CI, 1.376-6.470; p=0.004) and CAVI (OR, 1.193; 95% CI, 1.034-1.377; p=0.005). CONCLUSION: The pathological vascular indices CAVI and ABI are associated with different risk factors for cardiovascular events in a cohort of patients with CMD. The common factors associated with both CAVI and ABI are increases in blood pressure and HR and a reduction in glomerular filtration rate. The common factors associated with both CAVI and ABI are increases in blood pressure and HR and a reduction in glomerular filtration rate.

[Relationship between respiratory function and myocardial structure and function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease].

PURPOSE: To analyze main parameters of respiratory dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) with and without concomitant ischemic heart disease (IHD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 104 patients with DM without (n = 64, 61.5%) and with (n = 40, 38.5%) concomitant IHD. Examination included taking medical history, registration of parameters of myocardial and respiratory function and lung diffusion capacity. RESUTS: Respiratory dysfunction in patients with DM was related to disease duration and glycose level. Presence of IHD and chronic heart failure of high functional class was associated with more pronounced reduction of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec and lung diffusion capacity. CONCLUSION: Revealed association between respiratory parameters and characteristics of the state of myocardium evidence for possible contribution of the latter in development of respiratory dysfunction in patients with DM.

[Relationship Between Respiratory Function and Myocardial Structure and Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Ischemic Heart Disease].

PURPOSE: to analyze main parameters of respiratory dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) with and without concomitant ischemic heart disease (IHD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 104 patients with DM without (n= 64, 61.5%) and with (n=40, 38.5%) concomitant IHD. Examination included taking medical history, registration of parameters of myocardial and respiratory function and lung diffusion capacity. Resuts. Respiratory dysfunction in patients with DM was related to disease duration and glycose level. Presence of IHD and chronic heart failure of high functional class was associated with more pronounced reduction of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec and lung diffusion capacity. CONCLUSION: Revealed association between respiratory parameters and characteristics of the state of myocardium evidence for possible contribution of the latter in development of respiratory dysfunction in patients with DM.

[Features of cytogenetic changes in the human lymphoma U-937 cells after induction of apoptosis by tumor necrosis factor].

A comparative analysis of the frequency of cytogenetic abnormalities in cell population U-937 in control conditions and after exposure to tumor necrosis factor has been performed. We have found that in such treatment there is a maximum effect after 48 h, which is expressed in the stimulation of apoptosis and the accumulation of cells with micronuclei and binuclear cells. The induction of premature chromosome condensation is an early marker of the TNF influence. Changing the composition of the population by the number of chromosomes in the cell may lead to the emergence of a subline with new properties compared to the parental cell population.

[Prognostic role of C-reactive protein in progression of atherosclerosis in a year after coronary bypass surgery].

Aim of the study was to assess prognostic role of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) in progression of atherosclerosis in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) in a year after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We examined 49 patients with stable IHD subjected to elective CABG (45 with and 4 without without cardiopulmonary bypass). In a year after surgery patients were divided into 2 groups: with (group 1, n=18, 36.7%) and without (group 2, n=31, 63.3%) progression of atherosclerosis of any localization. Contribution of various clinical and instrumental factors, type of intervention, CRP level before and in 1 year after surgery was analyzed. Before CABS CRP level was 3 times higher in group 1 compared with group 2 (=0.03). Increase of intima-media thickness was registered in a year after CABS in both groups, but it was significant only in patients with atherosclerosis progression (=0.04). Other clinical factors, gender characteristics of groups, type of intervention exerted no significant influence on progression of systemic atherosclerosis.

[Factors affecting results of coronary bypass surgery in elderly patients].

Study aim was to compare rates of perioperative complications of coronary bypass surgery in patients of various age groups and to analyze factors associated with their appearance. We retrospectively studied 2411 case histories of patients subjected to coronary artery bypass surgery between January 2006 and December 2009. According to their age at surgery patients were divided in 4 groups: <60 years (n=1555, mean age 53+/-6 years), 60-64 years (n=379, mean age 61+/-3 years), 65-69 years (n=335, mean age 67+/-2 years), >70 years (n=142, mean age 71+/-3 years). In older age groups hospital mortality and total number of complications were greater than in patients aged <60 years. Hospital mortality and rates of postoperative complications did not significantly differ between groups of patients aged 60-64, 65-69, and more or equal 70 years. Besides age the following factors were independently associated with hospital mortality: characteristics of extent of atherosclerosis (significant occlusive-stenotic lesions in arteries of lower extremities and extracranial arteries, history of stroke); lowering of left ventricular ejection fraction; and use of cardiopulmonary bypass.

[Effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on extent of multifocal atherosclerosis in patients with ischemic heart disease].

Aim of the study was investigation of influence of diabetes mellitus (DM) on rate of detection of multifocal atherosclerosis (MFA) in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) at examination before coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We retrospectively analyzed 2411 hospital forms of patients with IHD subjected to CABG. DM was found in 317 patients (group 1). Control group (n=350) comprised patients of comparable sex and age without DM. Clinico-anamnestic data, parameters of coronary angiography, ultrasound and angiographic study of the aorta, brachiocephalic and peripheral arterial beds were compared between these groups. Patients with diabetes compared with patients of the control group more frequently had increased thickness of intima media complex (92 and 77%, respectively; p=0.0001). Simultaneous involvement of 2 or more arterial beds were detected in 46.1% of patients with DM and in 33.1% of control patients. Involvement of only one (coronary) arterial basin was more frequent in patients without DM (p=0.0001). Multifactorial analysis showed that independent effect on detection of MFA produced intima media thickness, presence of DM and history of acute disturbance of brain circulation. Thus among patients with IHD MFA before CABG was found in 46.1% of patients with DM and 33.1% of similar sex and age patients without DM. Patients with DM require focused examination for detection of manifestations of MFA and conduct of necessary curative and preventive interventions.

Comparative study of dye-loaded liposome accumulation in sensitive and resistant human breast cancer cells.

UNLABELLED: The aim of this research is to study the dynamics and efficiency of liposome accumulation in sensitive and resistant human breast cancer cells. METHODS: Methods of fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence microspectroscopy and MTT-test have been used. RESULTS: The liposome-to-cell interaction and dye cellular uptake in sensitive, cisplatin-resistant and doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 human breast cancer cells have been analyzed using time changes in both fluorescence resonance energy transfer signal from the donor probe DiO to the acceptor one DiI preloaded in liposomes and cell image brightness. CONCLUSION: Obtained results show that resistant cells accumulate dye-loaded liposomes more effectively and reveal more effective dye molecule cellular uptake.

[Antiviral activity of extracts of transgenic cichory and lettuce plants with the human interferon alpha-2b gene].

Biological activity of protein extracts from transgenic plants of chicory Cichorium intybus L. and lettuce Lactuca sativa L. with human interferon alpha2b gene was investigated against vesicular stomatitis virus. It was shown that the extracts from the hairy roots of chicory and lettuce transformed by A. rhizogenes possess the antiviral activity 1620...5400 IU/g weight, and the extracts from leaves of the plants transformed by A. tumefaciens--till 9375 IU/g weight. Dependence of plant extract biological activity on the transformation vector was shown.

The effect of NSC-631570 (ukrain) alone and in combination with pathogen-associated molecules on cell cycle distribution and apoptosis induction of mouse melanoma cells with different biological properties.

UNLABELLED: Monotherapy and combined application of antitumor drug NSC-631570 (Ukrain) are successfully used for treatment of malignant melanoma since 1996. Melanoma cells of different origin have distinct susceptibility to components of Ukrain. AIM: To carry out comparative investigation of the effect of Ukrain used alone and in combination with pathogen associated molecules (PAM) on mitotic cycle and apoptosis induction in mouse melanoma cell lines with different biological properties. METHODS: Two cell lines with different biological properties (rate of cell division, level of hematogenous metastasis, sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced apoptosis) established from B16 mouse melanoma cell line, were used. Apoptosis induction and cell viability were analyzed using trypan blue exclusion test, morphological criteria, DNA gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry. Cell cycle distribution of tumor cells was determined by flow cytometry. Transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP) genes expression was analyzed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. RESULTS: The melanoma cells with different metastatic capabilities differed markedly by the growth rate, sensitivity to apoptosis inducers, and the character of TAP gene expression. Treatment of melanoma cells with Ukrain resulted in apoptosis induction in a dose dependent manner. Melanoma cells with high-metastatic properties were more sensitive to Ukrain than their low metastatic variants. However combined use of drug with PAM induced apoptosis more effectively in melanoma cells with low-metastatic potential. CONCLUSION: Sensitivity to Ukrain in vitro may depend on biological properties of melanoma cells and may be modified by combined treatment of cells with TLR ligands. The results can be useful to optimize the regimen of mono and combined treatment of melanoma with Ukrain.