Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament: magnetic resonance imaging findings of an underdiagnosed entity.

Although imaging and clinical criteria are already established for the diagnosis of mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), many radiologists remain unaware of their existence. Once regarded as a rare occurrence, it has been recently suggested that its incidence is in fact very much higher than previously thought, and that it is probably underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed as partial ruptures of the ACL or as cystic ganglia. In this review, the authors revisit the literature concerning this subject and present their personal experience with it, stressing the paramount importance of magnetic resonance imaging and correlation with clinical data for a correct diagnosis.

Chronic hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni: magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography findings.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the hepatosplenic manifestations and the portal venous system in patients with chronic infection by Schistosoma mansoni. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was performed in 28 patients with chronic hepatosplenic schistosomiasis submitted to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the abdomen. Images were interpreted independently by two radiologists to determine the reproducibility of image interpretation and who evaluated the presence of morphological alterations in the liver and spleen, such as hepatosplenomegaly, hepatic fissure widening, periportal fibrosis, and the presence of siderotic nodules. Interobserver and intra-observer agreement were measured with the kappa and intraclass correlation tests. Evaluation of venous collateral pathways and portal and splenic veins was done in consensus by both examiners. RESULTS: Observers identified enlargement of the left lobe (78.5-92.8%) and caudate-to-right-lobe ratio (78.5-92.8%), irregularity of hepatic contours (89.2-96.4%), fissure widening (89.2-100%), and splenic siderotic nodules (84.2%). Splenomegaly, heterogeneity of hepatic parenchyma, peripheral hepatic vessels, and periportal fibrosis were observed in 100% of patients. MRI findings presented almost perfect interobserver (kappa = 0.65-1) and intra-observer (kappa = 0.73-1 for observer 1, and kappa = 0.65-1 for observer 2) agreement for the variables analyzed. MRA showed the presence of collateral pathways in the majority of patients (71.4%) along with widening of portal and splenic veins. CONCLUSION: Using MRI, hepatosplenic alterations in schistosomiasis are characterized by heterogeneity of hepatic parenchyma, presence of peripheral perihepatic vessels, periportal fibrosis, splenomegaly, siderotic nodules, and the presence of venous collateral pathways.

Anatomical terms of Yanomami indians translated into portuguese and english

Os autores apresentam a traduçäo para o Português e Inglês do vocabulário anatômico básico usado pelos índios tanomâmis. O conhecimento do vocabulário dos órgäos e outras partes do corpo humano com alguns significados clínicos poderá auxiliar os interessados no estudo e no relacionamento com esses índios

Yanomani indians and the anatomical and biomedical terms in their language

Los términos anatómicos y biomédicos del vocabulario de los indios yanomani, fueron seleccionados, traducidos al inglés y español, con el propósito de facilitar de comunicación con los miembros de esta tribu primitiva. Los términos seleccionados deben ayudar a anatomistas, antropólogos, médicos y a otros profesionales afines, en la ejecución de observaciones científicas principalmente relacionadas con la salud y aspectos sociales de la vida de este grupo étnico