A panel of protein candidates for comprehensive study of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE) infection.

The caprine arthrite encephalite (CAE) is a disease that affects especially dairy goat. The virus shows compartmentalization features, that allows it to hide at certain times during the course of the disease, making it difficult to control. The present study was conducted to identify the major seminal plasma protein profile of goats infected by CAE and its associations with seroconversion using Western blotting. Two groups containing five males each, were used in this experiment. The first group was composed by seropositive animals and the control by seronegative confirmed by Western blotting and PCR. The semen was collected through artificial vagina and after that, two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF MS were used. Seventy-five spots were identified in the goat seminal plasma gels, equivalent to 13 different proteins with more expression. The similar proteins found in both groups and related to reproduction were spermadhesin Z13-like, bodhesin and bodhesin-2, Lipocalin, protein PDC-109-like, and albumin. In infected goats, proteases such as arisulfatase A have been identified, whose function probably is related to metabolism control of sulfatides, involved to virus control. The other ones were bifunctional ATP-dependent dihydroxyacetone kinase/FAD-AMP lyase, cathepsin F isoform X1, disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 2-like isoform X1, clusterin, carbonic anhydrase 2, electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta, and epididymal secretory glutathione peroxidase. The results of this study show the reaction of the innate immune system against chronic infection of goats by CAE.

Origen y distribución del nervio ciático en ovejas Morada Nova / Origin and distribution of the sciatic nerve in Morada Nova sheep / Origem e distribuição do nervo isquiático de ovinos da raça Morada Nova

El nervio ciático es el nervio más grande del cuerpo que pertenece a ambos el plexo sacro como el lumbosacra, y hay pocos estudios en la literatura con respecto a la anatomía de este nervio en los pequeños rumiantes. Sabiendo que este nervio es vulnerable a varias lesiones a lo largo de su trayectoria y la carne de la extremidad pélvica es de alto valor comercial, este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender la formación del nervio ciático y sus territorios de inervación en ovejas Morada Nova. El experimento se llevó a cabo en el Laboratorio de Anatomía de la Universidad Federal Rural de la Zona Semiárida, siendo utilizados 20 medias carcaças derechas de ovino, machos de la raza nueva dirección, con edades comprendidas entre los 6 y 7 meses de edad procedentes de la granja experimental EMPARN-RN. Las carcasas fueron disecadas para ver el nervio ciático, y las piezas almacenadas en cámara fria. Después de diseccionado se examinaron con el ojo desnudo, la variación fue encontrado en la cantidad de las vértebras lumbares y sacras de ovejas, que osciló entre 7 vértebras lumbares y 3 sacrales (90%) y 6 lumbares y cuarto sacrales (10%), cambiando asi el origen del nervio. El nervio ciático se formó por las raíces ventral L7S1S2 (75%) de L6S1S2 (10%) de L7S1S2S3 (10%) y las ramas ventrales S1S2S3 (5%), la distribución de los músculos gluteobiceps, y semimembranoso músculo semitendinoso [...](AU)

The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body, belonging both to the sacral plexus as the lumbosacral, and there are few studies in the literature relating to anatomy of this nerve in small ruminants. Knowing that this nerve is vulnerable to several injuries along its path and that the flesh of the pelvic limb is of high commercial value, this study aimed to understand the formation of the sciatic nerve and its innervation territories in Morada Nova sheep. The experiment was conducted at the Anatomy Laboratory of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, being rights socks used 20 carcasses heep, of the new address race, aged between 6 and 7 months of age coming from Experimental Farm EMPARN-RN. The carcasses were dissected in order to view the sciatic nerve, and the pieces kept in cold storage. After dissected and examined with the naked eye, it was observed variations in the quantity of the lumbar and sacral vertebrae of sheep, which ranged between 7 and 3 sacral lumbar vertebrae (90%) and 6 lumbar and sacral 4 (10%), changing the origin of the nerve. The sciatic nerve was formed by ventral roots L7S1S2 (75%) of L6S1S2 (10%) of L7S1S2S3 (10%) and ventral branches S1S2S3 (5%), distributing the gluteobiceps muscles, semimembranosus muscle and the semitendinosus and may also innervate the quadriceps muscle of the thigh. The knowledge of these anatomical features can [...](AU)

O nervo isquiático é o maior nervo do corpo pertencendo tanto ao plexo sacral quanto ao lombossacro, sendo raras as citações na literatura referentes à anatomia deste nervo em pequenos ruminantes. Sabendo que este nervo é vulnerável a diversas lesões ao longo de seu trajeto e que a carne do membro pélvico é de alto valor comercial, este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a formação do nervo isquiático, bem como seus territórios de inervação em ovinos Morada Nova. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Anatomia da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, sendo utilizadas 20 meias carcaças direitas de ovinos, machos da raça morada nova, com faixa etária entre 6 e 7 meses de idade procedentes da Fazenda Experimental da EMPARN-RN. As carcaças foram dissecadas de modo a visualizar o nervo isquiático e as peças conservadas em câmara fria. Após dissecadas e analisadas a olho nu, verificou-se variações na quantidade de vértebras lombares e sacrais do ovino, que variaram entre 7 vértebras lombares e 3 sacrais (90%) e 6 lombares e 4 sacrais (10%), alterando a origem do nervo. O nervo isquiático foi formado por raízes ventrais de L7S1S2 (75%), de L6S1S2 (10%), de L7S1S2S3 (10%) e por ramos ventrais de S1S2S3 (5%), distribuindo-se pelos músculos glúteobíceps, semitendinoso e músculo semimembranoso, podendo também inervar o músculo quadríceps da coxa. O conhecimento destas [...](AU)

Origen y distribución del nervio ciático en ovejas Morada Nova / Origin and distribution of the sciatic nerve in Morada Nova sheep / Origem e distribuição do nervo isquiático de ovinos da raça Morada Nova

El nervio ciático es el nervio más grande del cuerpo que pertenece a ambos el plexo sacro como el lumbosacra, y hay pocos estudios en la literatura con respecto a la anatomía de este nervio en los pequeños rumiantes. Sabiendo que este nervio es vulnerable a varias lesiones a lo largo de su trayectoria y la carne de la extremidad pélvica es de alto valor comercial, este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender la formación del nervio ciático y sus territorios de inervación en ovejas Morada Nova. El experimento se llevó a cabo en el Laboratorio de Anatomía de la Universidad Federal Rural de la Zona Semiárida, siendo utilizados 20 medias carcaças derechas de ovino, machos de la raza nueva dirección, con edades comprendidas entre los 6 y 7 meses de edad procedentes de la granja experimental EMPARN-RN. Las carcasas fueron disecadas para ver el nervio ciático, y las piezas almacenadas en cámara fria. Después de diseccionado se examinaron con el ojo desnudo, la variación fue encontrado en la cantidad de las vértebras lumbares y sacras de ovejas, que osciló entre 7 vértebras lumbares y 3 sacrales (90%) y 6 lumbares y cuarto sacrales (10%), cambiando asi el origen del nervio. El nervio ciático se formó por las raíces ventral L7S1S2 (75%) de L6S1S2 (10%) de L7S1S2S3 (10%) y las ramas ventrales S1S2S3 (5%), la distribución de los músculos gluteobiceps, y semimembranoso músculo semitendinoso [...]

The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body, belonging both to the sacral plexus as the lumbosacral, and there are few studies in the literature relating to anatomy of this nerve in small ruminants. Knowing that this nerve is vulnerable to several injuries along its path and that the flesh of the pelvic limb is of high commercial value, this study aimed to understand the formation of the sciatic nerve and its innervation territories in Morada Nova sheep. The experiment was conducted at the Anatomy Laboratory of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, being rights socks used 20 carcasses heep, of the new address race, aged between 6 and 7 months of age coming from Experimental Farm EMPARN-RN. The carcasses were dissected in order to view the sciatic nerve, and the pieces kept in cold storage. After dissected and examined with the naked eye, it was observed variations in the quantity of the lumbar and sacral vertebrae of sheep, which ranged between 7 and 3 sacral lumbar vertebrae (90%) and 6 lumbar and sacral 4 (10%), changing the origin of the nerve. The sciatic nerve was formed by ventral roots L7S1S2 (75%) of L6S1S2 (10%) of L7S1S2S3 (10%) and ventral branches S1S2S3 (5%), distributing the gluteobiceps muscles, semimembranosus muscle and the semitendinosus and may also innervate the quadriceps muscle of the thigh. The knowledge of these anatomical features can [...]

O nervo isquiático é o maior nervo do corpo pertencendo tanto ao plexo sacral quanto ao lombossacro, sendo raras as citações na literatura referentes à anatomia deste nervo em pequenos ruminantes. Sabendo que este nervo é vulnerável a diversas lesões ao longo de seu trajeto e que a carne do membro pélvico é de alto valor comercial, este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a formação do nervo isquiático, bem como seus territórios de inervação em ovinos Morada Nova. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Anatomia da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, sendo utilizadas 20 meias carcaças direitas de ovinos, machos da raça morada nova, com faixa etária entre 6 e 7 meses de idade procedentes da Fazenda Experimental da EMPARN-RN. As carcaças foram dissecadas de modo a visualizar o nervo isquiático e as peças conservadas em câmara fria. Após dissecadas e analisadas a olho nu, verificou-se variações na quantidade de vértebras lombares e sacrais do ovino, que variaram entre 7 vértebras lombares e 3 sacrais (90%) e 6 lombares e 4 sacrais (10%), alterando a origem do nervo. O nervo isquiático foi formado por raízes ventrais de L7S1S2 (75%), de L6S1S2 (10%), de L7S1S2S3 (10%) e por ramos ventrais de S1S2S3 (5%), distribuindo-se pelos músculos glúteobíceps, semitendinoso e músculo semimembranoso, podendo também inervar o músculo quadríceps da coxa. O conhecimento destas [...]

Detection of Maedi-Visna virus from sheep bronchoalveolar lavage by Nested PCR evaluation of different primers pairs / Detecção do vírus Maedi-Visna em amostras de lavado bronco-alveolar de ovinos através da técnica de Nested PCR utilizando diferentes pares de primers

Background: Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) are characterized by a high degree of genetic variability related to your replication process, resulting in several strains in different geographic regions. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is very successful in the detection of proviral DNA of SRLV, however, due to the high variability of the lentivirus genome, the efficiency and sensibility of PCR depends mainly on the specificity of the primers designed and the choice of the amplified target viral region. The aim of this study was to compare detection of Maedi Visna Virus (MVV) from bronco alveolar lavage samples of sheep by Nested PCR using primers for the gag and LTR genes. Materials, Methods & Results: Samples of sheep bronchoalveolar lavage (n = 58) from slaughterhouse in the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza were previously tested by nested PCR using primers for region gag. Thereafter, these samples were tested by nested PCR with primers designed for the LTR region. Both tests were conducted using thermocycler (Biocycler®) under the following conditions: initial denaturation at 94C for 5 min, followed by 35 cycles of denaturation at 94C for 1 min, annealing of primers at 56C for 1 min and extension of DNA at 72C for 45 s with a final extension at 72 for 7 min. The first and second round were performed under the same conditions. Every amplification was performed [...]

Detection of Maedi-Visna virus from sheep bronchoalveolar lavage by Nested PCR evaluation of different primers pairs / Detecção do vírus Maedi-Visna em amostras de lavado bronco-alveolar de ovinos através da técnica de Nested PCR utilizando diferentes pares de primers

Background: Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) are characterized by a high degree of genetic variability related to your replication process, resulting in several strains in different geographic regions. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is very successful in the detection of proviral DNA of SRLV, however, due to the high variability of the lentivirus genome, the efficiency and sensibility of PCR depends mainly on the specificity of the primers designed and the choice of the amplified target viral region. The aim of this study was to compare detection of Maedi Visna Virus (MVV) from bronco alveolar lavage samples of sheep by Nested PCR using primers for the gag and LTR genes. Materials, Methods & Results: Samples of sheep bronchoalveolar lavage (n = 58) from slaughterhouse in the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza were previously tested by nested PCR using primers for region gag. Thereafter, these samples were tested by nested PCR with primers designed for the LTR region. Both tests were conducted using thermocycler (Biocycler®) under the following conditions: initial denaturation at 94C for 5 min, followed by 35 cycles of denaturation at 94C for 1 min, annealing of primers at 56C for 1 min and extension of DNA at 72C for 45 s with a final extension at 72 for 7 min. The first and second round were performed under the same conditions. Every amplification was performed [...](AU)

Detection of proviral sequences of the caprine arthritis encephalitis virus in saliva / Detecção de sequências do DNA proviral do vírus da artrite encefalite caprina em saliva

Background: Goats can be infected by a lentivirus called the caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) that causes an infectious disease characterized by a chronic. For replication, the CAEV, integrate as a provirus in the DNA of the host cell genome. By consequence, infection of cells persistent life-long infection of the animal. The CAEV can be found in most body fluids, It has been demonstrated its presence in blood, milk, semen. However, the search for the CAEV in other body fluids besides blood is important to assess possible viral transmission. The aim of this study was to determine whether the presence of proviral DNA sequences in saliva of animals infected.Materials, Methods & Results: The study was carried out on the farm belonging to the Embrapa Goat and Sheep Research Center, located in the municipality of Sobral, Ceará, Brazil. To assess the oral fluid for the presence of CAEV, samples of saliva from eight infected breeders were collected by suctioning saliva from the oral cavity on the side region of the breeders lower molar teeth using a probe coupled to a plastic 5 mL syringe. And pro-viral DNA was extracted from the samples using NaCl and proteinase K. Two rounds of polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) were carried out to amplify the final 187 pb fragment of the pro-viral DNA. All the oligonucleotide primers were determined from the gag region...(AU)

Evaluation of matrix metalloproteinases in blood from buck naturally infected with Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis in Semiarid region of Brazil / Avaliação das metaloproteinases de matriz no sangue de reprodutores caprinos naturalmente infectados com Artrite Encefalite Caprina na Região Semiárida do Brasil

Background: Studies have attempted to understand the importance of metalloproteinase (MMPs) in the pathogenesis ofdiseases caused by lentiviruses, being the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) the most investigated. Despite advancesin studies with MMPs in others diseases, research correlating the presence and activity of gelatinases in animals affectedby caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV), a lentiviruses, are incipient and there is a need for research aiming to understand the dynamic of these enzymes in animals infected and its relation to pathological condition. The aim of this studywas to evaluate the presence and activity of the MMPs in blood serum of chronically infected bucks by CAEV.Materials, Methods & Results: The experiment was constituted by two groups (n = 5 each group). The first one wascomposed of five naturally infected bucks (4-5 years) and second group constituted of five seronegative bucks (3-4 years)for CAE. Serology was performed using the Western Blotting (WB) and confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).These bucks belong to the experimental flock at Embrapa Goats and Sheep and the seropositive bucks were confirmed forCAE in the first two years. Blood samples were collected by puncturing the jugular vein from animals and evaluated byzymography (SDS-PAGE) using gelatin as substratum. Clinical examination was performed by evaluating the temperature (T), cardiac frequency (FC), respiratory frequency (FR) and clinical articular index (IAC). The IAC was calculatedby measuring the circumference of carpal joint and metacarpal bone height (difference between greater extent carpal andmetacarpal lesser extent). In infected and control groups were found molecular mass bands of 66 kDa (MMP-2), 72 kDa(pro-MMP-2), 86 kDa (MMP-9) and 92 kDa (pro-MMP-9). The correlation...(AU)

Detection of proviral sequences of the caprine arthritis encephalitis virus in saliva / Detecção de sequências do DNA proviral do vírus da artrite encefalite caprina em saliva

Background: Goats can be infected by a lentivirus called the caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) that causes an infectious disease characterized by a chronic. For replication, the CAEV, integrate as a provirus in the DNA of the host cell genome. By consequence, infection of cells persistent life-long infection of the animal. The CAEV can be found in most body fluids, It has been demonstrated its presence in blood, milk, semen. However, the search for the CAEV in other body fluids besides blood is important to assess possible viral transmission. The aim of this study was to determine whether the presence of proviral DNA sequences in saliva of animals infected.Materials, Methods & Results: The study was carried out on the farm belonging to the Embrapa Goat and Sheep Research Center, located in the municipality of Sobral, Ceará, Brazil. To assess the oral fluid for the presence of CAEV, samples of saliva from eight infected breeders were collected by suctioning saliva from the oral cavity on the side region of the breeders lower molar teeth using a probe coupled to a plastic 5 mL syringe. And pro-viral DNA was extracted from the samples using NaCl and proteinase K. Two rounds of polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) were carried out to amplify the final 187 pb fragment of the pro-viral DNA. All the oligonucleotide primers were determined from the gag region...

Evaluation of matrix metalloproteinases in blood from buck naturally infected with Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis in Semiarid region of Brazil / Avaliação das metaloproteinases de matriz no sangue de reprodutores caprinos naturalmente infectados com Artrite Encefalite Caprina na Região Semiárida do Brasil

Background: Studies have attempted to understand the importance of metalloproteinase (MMPs) in the pathogenesis ofdiseases caused by lentiviruses, being the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) the most investigated. Despite advancesin studies with MMPs in others diseases, research correlating the presence and activity of gelatinases in animals affectedby caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV), a lentiviruses, are incipient and there is a need for research aiming to understand the dynamic of these enzymes in animals infected and its relation to pathological condition. The aim of this studywas to evaluate the presence and activity of the MMPs in blood serum of chronically infected bucks by CAEV.Materials, Methods & Results: The experiment was constituted by two groups (n = 5 each group). The first one wascomposed of five naturally infected bucks (4-5 years) and second group constituted of five seronegative bucks (3-4 years)for CAE. Serology was performed using the Western Blotting (WB) and confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).These bucks belong to the experimental flock at Embrapa Goats and Sheep and the seropositive bucks were confirmed forCAE in the first two years. Blood samples were collected by puncturing the jugular vein from animals and evaluated byzymography (SDS-PAGE) using gelatin as substratum. Clinical examination was performed by evaluating the temperature (T), cardiac frequency (FC), respiratory frequency (FR) and clinical articular index (IAC). The IAC was calculatedby measuring the circumference of carpal joint and metacarpal bone height (difference between greater extent carpal andmetacarpal lesser extent). In infected and control groups were found molecular mass bands of 66 kDa (MMP-2), 72 kDa(pro-MMP-2), 86 kDa (MMP-9) and 92 kDa (pro-MMP-9). The correlation...

Eletroforese bidimensional e espectrometria de massa como ferramentas proteômicas aplicadas à definição de marcadores proteicos associados à eficiência reprodutiva de caprinos / Two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry as proteomic tools applied to the definition of protein markers associated with reproductive efficiency goats

O crescimento e desenvolvimento do rebanho caprino no Nordeste são observados com o aumento na produção da pecuária do Brasil. Esse aumento é reflexo, a princípio, das maiores exigências do mercado consumidor por produtos de melhor qualidade obtidos a partir de rebanhos de alto padrão zootécnico. As pesquisas atuais ilustram a necessidade de dispor de biomarcadores que auxiliem a indicação do potencial reprodutivo dos animais, uma vez que isso não pode ser expresso apenas com o exame andrológico. A avaliação da expressão das proteínas, tomando-as como biomarcadores, é análise potencial uma vez que estas, dentre os constituintes do plasma seminal, são encontradas em maior quantidade na forma de complexos associados, desempenhando papel crucial em todos os processos relacionados à capacidade fecundante dos espermatozoides. Essa análise é realizada por métodos de separação e detecção simultânea de proteínas utilizando técnicas como a eletroforese bidimensional (2DE) ou cromatografias, acoplados a métodos cada vez mais eficientes e sensíveis de identificação e quantificação de níveis de expressão de proteínas por espectrometria de massas. O objetivo desta revisão é abordar sobre a técnica de eletroforese bidimensional associada à espectrometria de massa como ferramenta na análise da expressão de proteínas dentro do campo da proteômica.(AU)

The growth and development of goat herds in the northeast are being observed due to the increase in livestock production in Brazil. This increase reflects demands of the consumer market for high quality product, which are obtained from flocks of high standard zootechnics. Current research illustrates the need for biomarkers that indicate an animal ́s reproductive potential, since this cannot be expressed solely with andrologic evaluation. For this reason, the expression of the proteins as biomarkers is a potential analysis. The proteins from the seminal plasma constituents are found in larger amounts in the form of associated complexes, playing a crucial role in all processes related to the fertilizing capacity of sperm. This analysis is performed by separation methods and simultaneous detection of proteins using techniques such as two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) or chromatography. These techniques are coupled with methods to identify and quantify expression levels of proteins by mass spectrometry that are increasingly efficient and sensitive. The aim of this review was to discuss the technique of two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry as a tool in the analysis of protein expression within the field of proteomics.(AU)

Eletroforese bidimensional e espectrometria de massa como ferramentas proteômicas aplicadas à definição de marcadores proteicos associados à eficiência reprodutiva de caprinos / Two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry as proteomic tools applied to the definition of protein markers associated with reproductive efficiency goats

O crescimento e desenvolvimento do rebanho caprino no Nordeste são observados com o aumento na produção da pecuária do Brasil. Esse aumento é reflexo, a princípio, das maiores exigências do mercado consumidor por produtos de melhor qualidade obtidos a partir de rebanhos de alto padrão zootécnico. As pesquisas atuais ilustram a necessidade de dispor de biomarcadores que auxiliem a indicação do potencial reprodutivo dos animais, uma vez que isso não pode ser expresso apenas com o exame andrológico. A avaliação da expressão das proteínas, tomando-as como biomarcadores, é análise potencial uma vez que estas, dentre os constituintes do plasma seminal, são encontradas em maior quantidade na forma de complexos associados, desempenhando papel crucial em todos os processos relacionados à capacidade fecundante dos espermatozoides. Essa análise é realizada por métodos de separação e detecção simultânea de proteínas utilizando técnicas como a eletroforese bidimensional (2DE) ou cromatografias, acoplados a métodos cada vez mais eficientes e sensíveis de identificação e quantificação de níveis de expressão de proteínas por espectrometria de massas. O objetivo desta revisão é abordar sobre a técnica de eletroforese bidimensional associada à espectrometria de massa como ferramenta na análise da expressão de proteínas dentro do campo da proteômica.

The growth and development of goat herds in the northeast are being observed due to the increase in livestock production in Brazil. This increase reflects demands of the consumer market for high quality product, which are obtained from flocks of high standard zootechnics. Current research illustrates the need for biomarkers that indicate an animal ́s reproductive potential, since this cannot be expressed solely with andrologic evaluation. For this reason, the expression of the proteins as biomarkers is a potential analysis. The proteins from the seminal plasma constituents are found in larger amounts in the form of associated complexes, playing a crucial role in all processes related to the fertilizing capacity of sperm. This analysis is performed by separation methods and simultaneous detection of proteins using techniques such as two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) or chromatography. These techniques are coupled with methods to identify and quantify expression levels of proteins by mass spectrometry that are increasingly efficient and sensitive. The aim of this review was to discuss the technique of two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry as a tool in the analysis of protein expression within the field of proteomics.

Princípios básicos da criomicrobiologia: enfoque nos tipos de micro-organismos e nos principais agentes crioprotetores / Basic principles of criomicrobiologia: focus in kind of microorganisms and principals cryoprotectants agents

O reconhecimento da grande relevância da biodiversidade microbiana para o desenvolvimento humano tem conduzido ao aprimoramento de técnicas destinadas à conservação dos mais diversos espécimes microbiológicos. Contudo, ainda não existe uma fórmula singular, ideal ou universal que possibilite a eficiência da estocagem e preservação microbiana a longo prazo. Consequentemente, diversos micro-organismos para os quais há uma crescente demanda, ainda esperam pelo desenvolvimento de metodologias adequadas à sua conservação, fazendo da criobiologia um campo de vasto potencial para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas. Nesse contexto, a proposta dessa revisão é discutir os princípios básicos da criomicrobiologia, com enfoque na preservação dos variados tipos de micro-organismos e nos principais agentes crioprotetores, tomando como base estudos disponíveis na literatura científica.

The recognizing the great importance of microbial biodiversity for human development has led to the improvement of techniques for the conservation of diverse microbiological specimens. However, there isn't a singular, ideal or universal method to provice the efficiency of the long-term microorganisms stock and preservation. Many microorganisms for which there is a growing demand still wait for the development of satisfactory methodologies to their conservation, making the cryobiology a field of vast potential for the development of researches. Then, the proposal of this review is to discuss the basic principles of cryomicrobiology, focusing the preservation of kinds microorganisms and principals agents cryoprotectants, using the available studies in the comtemporary scientific literature as base.