[Age factors in natural mechanisms of detoxication and curative effect of enterosgel in burns]. / Vozrastnye osobennosti estestvennykh mekhanizmov detoksikatsii i lechebnoe deistvie énterosgelia pri ozhogovoi bolezni.

In the experiment, the age peculiarities of the detoxication system of the liver in burn disease and the effect of enterosgel on them were studied. Decrease in hydroxylase and demethylase activity of hepatic microsomes in relatively stable activity of oxidoreductase as well as increase in activity of aminotransferases, especially that of alanine aminotransferase, which was more pronounced in aged animals, was noted. Under the influence of enterosorption, the increase in functional activity of monooxygenase system of the liver and stabilization of hepatocytic membranes are more pronounced in young animals. This contributed to reduction in lethality, activation of natural mechanisms of detoxication and reparative processes.

[Effectiveness of geriatric preparations containing natural metabolites in studies on animals of different age]. / Effektivnost' geriatricheskikh preparatov, soderzhashchikh estestvennye metabolity, v issledovaniiakh na zhivotnykh raznogo vozrasta.

The new geriatric agent Rikavit which contains natural metabolites, is described. Experimental trials have shown that this drug causes prolongation of the average and maximal life-span and normalization of the age-related changes in metabolic indices in experimental animals. It has also been found to increase the resistance of an aging organism to the hazardous effects (hypoxia, physical and medicamentous loads) and its adaptive potentials.

[Age-related characteristics of the pharmacokinetics of acetylsalicylic acid]. / Vozrastnye osobennosti farmakokinetiki atsetilsalitsilovoi kisloty.

Acetylsalicylic acid pharmacokinetics was studied in young, elderly and old patients after a single oral administration in a dose of 14 mg/kg. The pharmacokinetics data may be formalized by means of the one-compartment model with absorption. Constants of absorption and elimination, total clearance value are decreased with age. The half-life in elderly patients was 6.19 hrs, in old patients 12.2 hrs and in young patients 4.47 hrs. In elderly and old patients the area under the pharmacokinetic curve increased. The ability of serum proteins to bind salicylates reduced during ageing. The pharmacokinetic model was used for optimization of treatment with acetylsalicylic acid of elderly and old patients.

[Utilization of the pharmacokinetic parameters of acetylsalicylic acid for optimizing its use with people of different ages]. / Ispol'zovanie farmakokineticheskikh parametrov atsetilsalitsilovoi kisloty dlia optimizatsii ee primeneniia u liudei raznogo vozrasta.

Nomograms for application of acetylsalicylic acid in persons of different age are presented. The nomograms are based on pharmacokinetic parameters of acetylsalicylic acid with regard to the age. Proceeding from the known constants of absorption and elimination, the nomograms are made use of to screen the loading and maintenance doses, to determine the time of administering the first maintenance dose and the maximal amount of the drug in the body, which was built up as a result of the use of the accepted treatment schedule. While using the nomograms one should be guided by the known therapeutic dose and the dosage intervals or by the therapeutic or maximal allowable dose. The nomograms are unsophisticated, fairly convenient, and help determine the optimal regimen of the use of acetylsalicylic acid in persons of different age.

[Effect of age on the pharmacokinetic parameters of digoxin]. / Vliianie vozrasta na farmakokineticheskie parametry digoksina.

Digoxin pharmacokinetics was studied in 40 virtually healthy subjects aged 60-89 years and 10 subjects aged 20-29 years injected with a single dose (0.5 mg) of digoxin. The pharmacokinetic data were interpreted in terms of a two-compartmental model. The constant of digoxin transfer rate from the peripheral compartment to the central one appreciably increased, whereas the elimination constant and the magnitude of the total clearance was decreased with aging. The values of the apparent volume of the drug distribution in the central compartment, as well as those of the stationary and kinetic volumes of distribution got reduced. In elderly and senile subjects, the pharmacokinetic curve area increased. The half-life of digoxin in young, elderly and senile subjects was equal to 51, 54 and 57 h, respectively.

[Pharmacokinetic characteristics of salicylates in old animals]. / Ob osobennostiakh farmakokinetiki salitsilatov u starykh zhivotnykh.

Experimental study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of salicylic acid and salicylate upon ageing showed that the sodium salicylate absorption rate is considerably decreased in old rats and rabbits. As a result, the plasma of old animals shows the low content of salicylates compared to adult ones. The level of salicylic acid in tissues and capacity of serum protein for salicylate binding are decreased. Excretion of salicylates in old rats was delayed compared to that in adult ones, the half-life in old rats was 2--3 times as long as that in adult species. The revealed features of salicylate pharmacokinetics in old animals confirm advisability of their further study in order to determine adequate doses of the drugs to be applied in geriatrics and to prevent their adverse on the ageing organism.

[Antianemic effect of ampevit and orkomin]. / Antianemicheskii éffekt ampevita i orkomina.

The antianemic action of ampevit and orkomin developed at the Laboratory of Experimental Therapy, Institute of Gerontology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR was studied in experiments on young and old animals. It has been established that repeated administration of the drugs increases the reticulocyte count in both groups of animals. Ampevit diminishes severity of posthemorrhagic anemia. Both drugs promote more rapid recovery of hemoglobin content and red cell count in old animals after blood loss. The data obtained were supported by clinical trials of the drugs which have been recommended for combined treatment of posthemorrhagic anemias and other conditions accompanied by weakened function of the growing red fiber of the bone marrow seen also in people of old and senile age.