An integrative analysis to enumerate candidate genes for clinical use in oral cancer.

Background: Oral cancer (OC) is the most pernicious sub-site of head and neck tumours with poor prognostic value that is largely ascribed to the lack of ideal biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This fact highlights an urgent need to identify biomarkers that can further aid in OC management. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify a gene panel with a maximum clinical utility for OC. Materials and Methods: Eight eligible datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus Database, containing 320OC samples and 173 normal samples. The data were processed by GeneSpring software to reveal differentially expressed genes between OC tissues and normal tissues in eight individual experiments. Functional enrichment and network analysis were performed using PANTHER and STRING databases for concordant genes (fold change >10; P ≤ 0.05). The selected genes were cross-validated in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), Oncomine, and KaplanMeier (KM) plotter databases. Results: Totally, 65 concordant genes were identified, including 37 up-regulated genes and 28 down-regulated genes. A 13-gene panel CXCL8, CXCL10, FN1, GBP1, IFIT3, ISG15, MMP1, MMP3, MMP10, OASL, SERPINE1, SPP1, and PLAU was elected from the lists of functionally enriched genes, hub genes, and genes that showed high alterations for mutation, copy number variation, and mRNA expression status in 'Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma patients (n = 279; TCGA, Nature 2015)'. Further, validation in Oncomine database demonstrated significant over-expression of all elected genes in OC patients across multiple datasets. In addition, out of 13, six genes (CXCL8, CXCL10, FN1, PLAU, SERPINE1, and SPP1) showed significant association with the prognosis of Head and Neck cancer patients (n = 500) in the KM plotter database. Conclusions: Using an integrative analysis, our study investigated and validated a 13-gene panel for OC which can be used to improve current diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment approaches.

Assessing the Protective Effect of Moringa oleifera Extract against Bone Metastasis: An In Vitro Simulated Digestion Approach.

Moringa oleifera possesses numerous advantageous effects like anti-microbial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory, leaves contain a high multiplicity of the bioactive compound; however, little is identified about its bioaccessibility. The objective of this study was to assess the bioefficacy, bioaccessible and anticancer activity of Moringa oleifera in a PC3 cell line before and after simulated in vitro digestion. Digested and non-digested extracts were prepared and evaluated for total polyphenols, flavonoids, and total antioxidant capacity by spectrophotometric analysis and LCMS analysis. Cell viability, apoptosis, colony formation, cell cycle, Glutathione level, and gene expression study were tested with Moringa oleifera (MO) and digested Moringa oleifera (DMO). Results revealed that total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and TAC were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced after in vitro digestion. Furthermore, biological activity against the PC3 cell line showed that DMO extracts significant cytotoxic and reduced cell vitality compared to the MO. In addition, DMO extract had a noteworthy effect in apoptosis and inhibiting the colony formation ability; while cell cycle was blocked in S phase by both extracts but significant effect showed in DMO. These studies have increased understanding of the influence of in vitro simulation digestion on the biological activity effect of M. oleifera against prostate cancer bone metastasis.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2021.1933099 .

A predictive biomarker panel for bone metastases: Liquid biopsy approach.

Bone metastases is one of the common metastatic site and leading cause of cancer-related mortality in progressive cancer patients. The purpose of the present study is to establish a liquid biopsy based multi-gene classifier and associated signalling pathways for early diagnosis of bone metastases. We used publically available microarray datasets and analysed them in a platform/chip-specific manner using GeneSpring software. Analyses of gene expression datasets identified 15 consistently over-expressed genes with statistical significance. Further, expression profile of same set of 15 genes were compared in breast and lung cancer exosome derived mRNA with (n = 10) and without (n = 10) bone metastases against healthy controls. ROC curve analysis performed individually for all the 15 genes shortlisted the 5 most relevant genes with significant sensitivity and specificity in both cancers. This liquid biopsy-based bone metastases predictor using multi-gene panel is a unique approach with potential clinical applications for effective management of aggressive cancers.