Aqueous phase adsorption of different sized molecules on activated carbon fibers: Effect of textural properties.

The effect that the textural properties of rayon-based activated carbon fibers (ACFs), such as the BET surface area and pore size distribution (PSD), have on the adsorption of differently sized molecules, namely, brilliant yellow (BY), methyl orange (MO) and phenol (PH), was investigated in the aqueous phase. ACF samples with different BET areas and PSDs were produced by steam-activating carbonized fibers for different activation times (0.25, 0.5, and 1 h). The samples activated for 0.25 h were predominantly microporous, whereas those activated for relatively longer times contained hierarchical micro-mesopores. The adsorption capacities of the ACFs for the adsorbate increased with increasing BET surface area and pore volume, and ranged from 51 to 1306 mg/g depending on the textural properties of the ACFs and adsorbate size. The adsorption capacities of the hierarchical ACF samples followed the order BY > MO > PH. Interestingly, the number of molecules adsorbed by the ACFs followed the reverse order: PH > MO > BY. This anomaly was attributed to the increasing molecular weight of the PH, MO and BY molecules. The equilibrium adsorption data were described using the Langmuir isotherm. This study shows that suitable textural modifications to ACFs are required for the efficient aqueous phase removal of an adsorbate.

Carbon bead-supported nitrogen-enriched and Cu-doped carbon nanofibers for the abatement of NO emissions by reduction.

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were grown over highly porous (∼1750 m(2)/g-surface area) carbon beads (∼0.8 mm), using catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The carbon beads were produced by the pre-oxidation, carbonization and activation of the phenolic beads that were synthesized using the suspension polymerization. The beads were doped in situ with copper (Cu) during the polymerization reaction. The carbon beads decorated with the CNFs were treated with pyridine to increase the nitrogen (N) contents of the material. The N-enriched CNFs and Cu nanoparticles (NPs)-doped carbon beads (N-Cu-CNF/CBs) were used for the removal of nitric oxide (NO) by reduction. In its dual role, Cu catalyzed the growth of the CNFs during CVD, and also, the reduction reaction. Approximately 86% of NO conversion was achieved for 400 ppm-NO concentration over 1 g of the prepared catalyst at 500 °C. The high catalytic activity was attributed to the combined roles of the Cu NPs, reactive CNFs and N-containing surface functional groups in the material. The prepared carbon bead-supported CNFs in this study are for the first time effectively used as the catalyst for the NO reduction without requiring ammonia or urea.

Preparation of asymmetrically distributed bimetal ceria (CeO2) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles in nitrogen-doped activated carbon micro/nanofibers for the removal of nitric oxide (NO) by reduction.

A novel multi-scale web of carbon micro/nanofibers (ACF/CNF) was prepared by the catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD), in which CeO2 and Cu nanoparticles (NPs) were in-situ incorporated during a synthesis step. The CVD temperature was adjusted such that the prepared material had asymmetric distribution of the bimetals, with the Cu NPs located at the tips of the CNFs and the CeO2 particles adhered to the surface of the ACF substrate. The prepared bimetals-dispersed web of ACF/CNF was treated with pyridine and the surface functionalized material was applied for the removal of NO by reduction. The complete reduction of NO was achieved at 500°C and for 400ppm NO concentration. Whereas the Cu NPs acted as the catalyst for the reduction, CeO2 facilitated the incorporation of nitrogen from the pyridine source into the ACF/CNF surface. The produced nitrogen containing surface functional groups enhanced the reactivity of the material toward the NO. The bimetals CeO2 and Cu nanoparticles (NPs)-dispersed ACF/CNF produced in this study is a potential candidate for effectively removing NO by reduction, without requiring urea or ammonia used in conventional abatement methods.