RESUMO
Context: Hypertension is the leading cause of mortality and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) all over the world. World Health Organization defines quality of life (QOL) as an individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards, and concerns. Aims: The study was aimed to compare the the QOL of adult hypertensive patients with healthy study subjects and to determine the factors associated with poor QOL among the hypertensive subjects. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to June 2022 in Gautam Budh Nagar District. The study was carried out among 250 hypertensive patients and 50 healthy persons based on World Health Organization-Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire Manual. Statistical Analysis Used: Data collected were entered and statistically analyzed using statistical software (SPSS-22). Results: Overall QOL and general health scores were significantly lower among hypertensive subjects showing worsening of QOL among diseased persons (P value <0.001). Factors significantly associated with poor overall QOL were low educational status (P value <0.001), home makers (P value <0.001), lower socio-economic class (P value < 0.001), and subjects with co-morbidities (P value <0.001). Conclusion: The findings revealed that QOL was poor among the hypertensive subjects as compared to healthy subjects.
RESUMO
Maintaining the reliability of the modern power system is becoming increasingly challenging due to the continuous growth in its size and complexity. One of the most significant challenges PS faces is frequency regulation, which is essential for maintaining a stable and reliable operation of PS. This article investigates the automatic generation control (AGC) of a multi-area PS considering partial loading scheduled in a hydro and thermal generating unit. A bird swarm algorithm (BSA) based two-degree of freedom tilt integral derivative (2DOF-TID) controller has been suggested. The superiority of the optimal 2DOF-TID controller has been selected by comparing the system dynamics with other conventional controllers. Also, the ascendancy of suggested BSA has been shown over the grasshopper algorithm and particle swarm optimization techniques. The investigation on partial loading schedules for the hydro-thermal system showed that the system's dynamic response deteriorates when loading on hydro units exceeds their nominal loading. Also, system dynamics are enhanced when thermal units are loaded beyond their capacity. The investigations are also conducted to analyse the effect of high voltage direct current (HVDC) link and virtual inertia emulation with an energy storage system. The studies with alternating current (AC)/HVDC and virtual inertia revealed that dynamic responses are better with the latter when compared with AC and HVDC links alone.
