Pre-Operative Group and Save in Elective and Emergency Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Necessity, Cost-Effectiveness, and Own Experience.

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with a high safety profile. This study seeks to quantify the incidence of blood transfusion in both the elective and emergency settings, examine related patient outcomes, and investigate selection criteria for pre-operative Group and Save (G&S) sampling. Methods: A prospective multi-centre observational study was conducted to investigate patients undergoing either elective or emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the UK between January 2020 and May 2021. Multivariate logistical regression models were used to identify patient factors associated with the risk of transfusion and explore outcomes linked to pre-operative G&S sampling. Results: This study comprised 959 patients, with 631 (65.8%) undergoing elective cholecystectomy and 328 (34.2%) undergoing emergency surgery. The median age was 48 years (range: 35-59), with 724 (75.5%) of the patients being female. Only five patients (0.5%) required blood transfusions, receiving an average of three units, with the first unit administered approximately six hours post-operatively. Among these cases, three patients (60%) had underlying haematological conditions. In adjusted models, male gender was significantly associated with the need for a blood transfusion (OR 11.31, p = 0.013), while the presence of a pre-operative Group and Save sample did not demonstrate any positive impact on patient outcomes. Conclusions: The incidence of blood transfusion following laparoscopic cholecystectomy is very low. Male gender and haematological conditions may present as independent risk factors. Pre-operative G&S sampling did not yield any positive impact on patient outcomes and could be safely excluded in both elective and emergency cases, although certain population subsets will warrant further consideration.

Prevalence of High-Risk Pregnancy Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Camps in Primary Health Centres in Kinaye and Vantamuri and Their Sub-Centres.

Introduction Identifying pregnancy-related complications and high-risk pregnancies early on and effectively managing care for these pregnant women through a holistic approach guided by the main objectives of antenatal care (ANC) and efficient, good-quality health care through ANC services can reduce the risk of pregnancy-related complications, being favourable for both mother and child. This study was intended to identify the percentage of pregnant women in high-risk groups attending ANC clinics. Objective This study's aim was to understand the prevalence of high-risk pregnancies in women attending ANC camps in Kinaye and Vantamuri villages in Belagavi, India. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in a primary healthcare (PHC) setting that included all pregnant women attending antenatal camps and residing in the same areas. With a total study sample size of 200, consisting of pregnant women attending ANC camps in Kinaye and Vantamuri PHC, the data were collected using a pre-tested, pre-designed questionnaire after obtaining written informed consent from the participating pregnant women. Results The data were analysed using a chi-square test to uncover the relationship between socio-demographics, obstetric history, medical variables, and high-risk pregnancy. The results demonstrated that 48.5% of women attending ANC clinics were in the high-risk pregnancy group. Conclusion Pregnancy outcomes are greatly affected by a woman's socio-demographic, obstetric, and medical variables. The WHO recommends a minimum of four ANC visits to safely identify and mitigate the risks and complications of high-risk pregnancy to ensure positive outcomes for both mothers and children.