38. Effect of Chlorhexidine Rinsed Blood Contamination on Bond Strength of Brackets Bonded with Self-etch Primer- An in Vitro Study.

The present invitro type of study has done to check the effect of blood contamination & chlorhexidine combination on the bond strength of brackets bonded with self-etch primer technique. The study consisted of ninety sound human upper premolars (extracted for orthodontic purpose) fixed in a self-cure acrylic block and segregated into three groups of 30 samples each. 0.022 slot metal MBT brackets (Gemini series-3M unitek) were bonded with self-etch primer using Transbond XT composite, CA, USA and light cure for 40 seconds) on clean buccal surface. Teeth were divided into 3 groups-Group A/Control group, Group B, Group C. A computer was used to record the force applied to debond the bonded bracket in the unit of Newton. The analysis of variance indicated that there were significant differences (F value = 6.891, p value=0.002) in bond strengths between the various groups tested. The highest value of shear bond strength occurred when chlorhexidine (Group C) was used to remove the blood contamination (mean=15.874 MPa). When bonding was done in ideal condition (Group A), shear bond strength obtained was slightly lower (mean=14.497 MPa) as compared to Group C. On the other hand, lowest shear bond strength among all three groups occurred when blood contamination (Group B) was removed with water (mean=11.059 MPa). Analysis of the study showed that shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to enamel significantly decreased during bonding with self-etch primer in blood contamination condition. Self-etch primer displayed considerably superior performance with the use of chlorhexidine instead of water to wash the blood contamination.

Evaluation of Changes in Microbiology and Periodontal Parameters During and After Fixed Orthodontic Appliances.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the changes in microbiology through quantitative analysis of aerobic and anaerobic colonies and periodontal measurements during and after 1 month of removal of fixed orthodontic appliances. This prospective study comprised 30 patients, aged 12-30 years seeking orthodontic treatment in the department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics of People's College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal from May 2016 to November 2017. Microbiological samples (supra- and subgingival plaque) and periodontal measurements like bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal pocket depth (PPD) with oral hygiene assessment indices {plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI)} were used at 2 time interval: when patient undergoing orthodontic treatment >12 month (baseline, T1) and 1 month after the removal of appliance (T2). Bacterial culture method used to detect aerobic and anaerobic colony forming units (CFU) and their ratio (aerobic/anaerobic). Data analyzed using paired t-test and chi-square test. There was a significant decrease in an aerobic and anaerobic CFU (both supra- and subgingivally) and increase in CFU ratio (relatively less anaerobes) (p≤0.05) at T2. Supragingival plaque sampling showed greater diminution in the CFU count as compared to the subgingival CFU, as these sites are more accessible for maintaining hygiene. Also, periodontal measurements showed significant decrement (PI, GI, PPD and BOP) at T2 (p≤0.05). Fixed orthodontic treatment has transient effect on periodontium as supra- and subgingival CFU count decreases and periodontal health was ameliorated after removal of appliances which was accompanied with periodontopathic bacteria and clinical periodontal signs of inflammation during treatment.

A cross sectional study to assess the Tuberculosis Treatment Providers in the mid hills of India.

BACKGROUND: A high level of knowledge about Tuberculosis amongst the Multi-Purpose Workers (MPWs) is the cornerstone for the successful implementation of Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) strategy under the Revised National Tuberculosis control Programme of India. In this regard, the evaluation of MPWs, the major workforce of the Health Department of Solan district, has never been done in the past. Hence the present study was undertaken. METHODS: Objective: To evaluate the knowledge about Tuberculosis among the MPW DOT and non DOT Providers. DESIGN: A cross sectional study amongst 174MPWs of the five Tubercular Units was conducted. Informed written consent was obtained. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used. Data was analyzed in Microsoft Excel 2010 and IBM SPSS statistics version 21 software. RESULTS: 85.6 per cent of the study participants were or had been DOT Providers. Only 9.2 per cent of the workers had received RNTCP Modular training whereas, 87.4 per cent had received just the 'On the Spot training' about DOTS. The difference in knowledge by Gender distribution across the five TUs was found significant. CONCLUSION: There is inadequate knowledge of tuberculosis amongst the MPW DOT and Non DOT Providers. Hence regular Modular and refresher trainings are recommended.