RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to compare the effects of quadhelix and nickel-titanium (NiTi) expander appliances on lower facial height, to quantify, and evaluate dentoalveolar and orthopedic changes in transverse plane, respectively, to estimate the difference in changes between these two appliances. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients, ten for the quadhelix and NiTi expander in the two-appliance group, respectively, participated in this study. A total of 8 readings, 1 for clinical facial height, 2 for model analysis, and 5 for posteroanterior cephalometric analysis were recorded. The statistical tests used were, Student's unpaired and paired t-tests. RESULTS: Both appliances individually, produced statistically highly significant (p < 0.01) expansion every month in both premolar and molar areas with more uniform expansion for quadhelix and less expansion in NiTi palatal expander in the premolar region initially. The skeletal to dental change ratio showed that there was more dental change than skeletal with no inter-appliance differences statistically while assessing the PA cephalometric readings. CONCLUSIONS: This study infers that both appliances are equally efficacious maxillary expanders, which are primarily dentoalveolar and not skeletal (p < 0.05).
RESUMO
Current study aimed to evaluate presence & concentration of salivary molecular pain biomarkers Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) during initial stages of orthodontic treatment and correlation with subjective pain scales, Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ). Consented, healthy-pain free patients (n = 40) undergoing orthodontic therapy, having moderate crowding with pre-molar extraction were recruited. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected and stored at -80 °C in cryotubes. Levels of CGRP & BDNF in salivary samples was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Samples were collected under stipulated 5 time periods using saliva collection tube by passive drooling method: immediately after bonding but before wire placement (T0-baseline), after 24 h (T1), 48 h (T2), 72 h (T3) & 168 h (T4) after wire placement. Consolidated subjective pain scales were administered concurrently. Regression value (R2 > 0.9) confirmed BDNF & CGRP in saliva. Significant change was observed from baseline to 168 h in all subjective parameters (p < 0.05). CGRP did not correlate with subjective pain scales statistically (p > 0.05). BDNF levels correlated with all the subjective pain scales, NRS (T3-p = 0.0092&T4-p = 0.0064), VRS (T3-p = 0.0112&T4-p = 0.0500), VAS (T3-p = 0.0092 &T4-p = 0.0064) &MPQ (T1-p = 0.0255). Mean BDNF & median subjective pain scale graphs were similar. BDNF correlated with all the subjective pain scales warranting further investigation.Trial registration; Clinical Trial Registry-India (CTRI) Reg No: CTRI/2018/12/016571; Registered 10th December, 2018 (10/12/2018) prospectively; http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=29640&EncHid=&userName=Dr%20Sagar%20S%20Bhat .
