The Effect of Hormone Types, Concentrations, and Treatment Times on the Rooting Traits of Morus 'Yueshenda 10' Softwood Cuttings.

Enhancing the capacity of fruit trees to propagate via cuttings is an important endeavor for the high-quality development of the fruit industry. Optimizing the conditions for the cutting propagation of mulberry seedlings is an important factor that influences the industrial production of this plant; however, the currently used mulberry breeding technology system is not mature. In this experiment, an orthogonal design was used to intercept semi-woody shoots of Yueshenda 10 as cuttings and set different hormone concentrations (200, 500, 800, and 1000 mg/L), different hormone types (NAA, IBA, IAA, and ABT-1), and different soaking times (10, 30, 60, and 120 min) for cuttings. The effects of the three factors on the rooting of mulberry cuttings were investigated by soaking the cuttings in clean water for 10 min as a control. The results showed that the primary and secondary order of the three factors affecting the rooting rate of cuttings was hormone concentration > hormone type > soaking time, and the concentration of exogenous hormones had a significant impact on all rooting indicators (p < 0.05). In addition, the rooting rate (66.24%), average number of roots (7.54 roots/plant), and rooting effect index (4.23) of Yueshenda 10 cuttings reached the optimal level when soaked with 800 mg/L ABT-1 for 30 min. The longest root length (10.20 cm) and average root length (4.44 cm) of cuttings achieved the best results when soaked with 800 mg/L NAA for 60 min and 500 mg/L NAA for 30 min, respectively. On balance, it is considered that the preferred solution is to soak the cuttings of Yueshenda 10 with 800 mg/L ABT1 solution for 0.5 h.

Effects of Different Growth Regulators on the Rooting of Catalpa bignonioides Softwood Cuttings.

(1) Background: To further improve the rapid reproduction and large-scale application of Catalpa bignonioides. (2) Methods: With young softwood cuttings from a 3-year-old C. bignonioides mother plant used as materials, the effects of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA), indolebutyric acid(IBA) and rhizogenic powder-1(ABT-1) growth regulators at different concentrations on cutting indexes and the dynamic changes in endogenous hormone contents during the rooting of the C. bignonioides cuttings were studied. (3) Results: The rooting of C. bignonioides cuttings could be divided into five stages. There were three types of rooting of adventitious roots. IBA treatment resulted in a high rooting rate and beneficial root morphology. The morphological indexes of the cutting roots after treatment with 1000 mg·L−1 IBA had the best overall quality, which was significantly higher than that of the roots in the control (CK) group (p < 0.05). Although the average longest root length (20.51 cm) under ABT-1 was the longest, its overall average rooting rate was slightly lower than that under IBA. The rooting effect under IAA was generally lower than that under IBA and ABT-1. The endogenous hormone content of the cuttings was found to be closely related to rooting; the IAA and zeatin nucleoside (ZR) content was high, and the ratios of IAA/ABA and IAA/ZR were high. The contents of gibberellin3 (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA) were low, which had a promoting effect on the rooting of the cuttings. (5) Conclusions: All three kinds of auxin can promote rooting and, of the three treatment groups, the rooting effect of cuttings in the IBA treatment group was the strongest, with 1000 mg·L−1 being the optimum concentration.

[Spatial variations and its influencing factors of soil carbon and nitrogen on the southern foot of Taihang Mountains, China]. / å¤ªè¡Œå±±å—éº“å¡é¢åœŸå£¤ç¢³æ°®ç©ºé—´å˜å¼‚æ€§åŠå ¶å½±å“å› ç´ .

As an important ecological barrier for the North China Plain, research on the spatial variations of soil nutrients in the southern foot of the Taihang Mountains is of great significance for the forestry ecological construction in this rocky mountainous area. With the typical slopes (the artificial forestland and the natural wild slope) of the southern foot of the Taihang Mountains as the research objects, we used the grid method to arrange sampling points, and combined classical statistics, geostatistics and constrained sorting methods to analyze the spatial variations of soil nutrients. The results showed that: 1) soil total carbon (TC) contents were 6.80-57.05 g·kg-1, and the total nitrogen (TN) contents were 0.74-3.93 g·kg-1. The coefficients of variation of both soil TC and TN were 25.0%-52.8%, belonging to the moderate degree of variation, which were caused by the combination of random and structural factors. The spatial aggregation of soil nutrients decreased with increasing lag distances. 2) The contents of soil nutrients had increasing trends from the top to the bottom of the slopes, with high nutrient values appearing at the bottom of the slopes. 3) The soil bulk density, gravel content, vegetation coverage, and soil water content were the main factors affecting the spatial variability of soil TC and TN on the southern foot of the Taihang Mountains. 4) Soil water content was the main factor affecting soil nutrients at the natural wild slope, but not at the artificial forestland.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Hovenia acerba (Rhamnaceae).

Hovenia acerba is a widely distributed species with economic, ornamental, and medicinal value in China. In this study, we assembled and characterized the complete chloroplast genome of H. acerba for the first time. The circular genome has a quadripartite structure with 161,651 bp in length and contains a pair of 26,619 bp inverted repeat (IR) regions, separated by the large single-copy (LSC, 89,443 bp) region and small single-copy (SSC, 18,970 bp) region. The plastid genome harbours 104 unique genes, including 72 protein-coding genes, 28 tRNAs, and four rRNAs. The overall GC content of the whole genome was 36.7%. Further, the phylogenetic analysis showed that H. acerba clustered together with Ziziphus genus. The complete chloroplast genome of H. acerba will provide important information for phylogenetic and evolutionary studies in Rhamnaceae, as well as the other closely related family.

Pyrolysis molecule of Torreya grandis bark for potential biomedicine.

Torreya grandis is a unique tree species in China. Although full use has been made of the timber, the processing and utilization of the bark has not been effective. In order to explore a new way to utilize the bark of Torreya grandis, a powder of T. grandis bark was prepared and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Differential scanning calorimetry (TG) and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (PY-GC/MS) revealed many bioactive components in the bark of T. grandis, such as acetic acid, 2-methoxy-4-vinyl phenol, D-mannose, and furfural. These substances have potential broad applications in the chemical industry, biomedicine, and food additives. The chemical constituents of the bark of T. grandis suggest a theoretical basis for the future development and utilization of the bark of T. grandis.