RESUMO
Aim of this study was to analyze the karyological indicators in exfoliated cells in patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. There was revealed statistically significant (p < 0.01) increase of all parameters in buccal and nasal epithelium in such kind of patients compared to healthy persons. These changes were systemic in nature and reflected the general state of the organism.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/genética , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/terapia , Cariótipo , Cariotipagem , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/terapia , Análise Citogenética , Feminino , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucosa Bucal/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/terapiaRESUMO
Administration of an immunomodulator, galavit, for stage II-III non-small lung cancer along with standard therapy was followed by immunological vigor improvement by the end of the course. CD3, CD4, IgA, IgM and IgG indices were normal in more than 80% of the study group by day 51 after surgery; CD8, CD20 and HLA-DR--in more than 50%; CD16--in 45.2%. In control, by day 51, normal IgG and HLA-DR levels were reported in 60%. The remaining indices were normal in less than 50%. Our results point to immunological vigor improvement due to use of galavit. The drug is well tolerated, has neither side effects nor toxicity.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Neoplasias/sangue , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/imunologia , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/imunologia , Ftalazinas/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Antígenos CD20/sangue , Complexo CD3/sangue , Antígenos CD4/sangue , Antígenos CD8/sangue , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Antígenos HLA-DR/sangue , Humanos , Imunoglobulina A/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Luminol/análogos & derivados , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Ftalazinas/farmacologia , Receptores de IgG/sangueAssuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Pâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Pancreatite/induzido quimicamente , Receptor ErbB-3/biossíntese , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Amilases/sangue , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/efeitos adversos , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Lipase/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Paclitaxel/administração & dosagem , Paclitaxel/efeitos adversos , Paclitaxel/uso terapêutico , Pâncreas/diagnóstico por imagem , Pâncreas/enzimologia , Pancreatite/sangue , Pancreatite/diagnóstico por imagem , Pancreatite/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cancer patients receiving chemotherapy experience thromboembolic complications associated with the use of long-term indwelling central venous catheters (CVCs). This prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study evaluated whether prophylactic treatment with a low molecular weight heparin could prevent clinically relevant catheter-related thrombosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy for at least 12 weeks (n=439) were randomly assigned, in a 2:1 ratio, to receive either dalteparin (5000 IU) or placebo, by subcutaneous injection, once daily for 16 weeks. Patients underwent upper extremity evaluation with either venography or ultrasound at the time of a suspected catheter-related complication (CRC) or upon completion of study medication. The primary end point, as determined by a blinded adjudication committee, was the occurrence of a CRC, defined as the first occurrence of any one of the following: clinically relevant catheter-related thrombosis that was symptomatic or that required anticoagulant or fibrinolytic therapy; catheter-related clinically relevant pulmonary embolism; or catheter obstruction requiring catheter removal. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the frequency of CRCs between the dalteparin arm (3.7%) and the placebo arm (3.4%; P=0.88), corresponding to a relative risk of 1.0883 (95% confidence interval 0.37-3.19). No difference in the time to CRC was observed between the two arms (P=0.83). There was no significant difference between the dalteparin and placebo groups in terms of major bleeding (1 versus 0) or overall safety. CONCLUSIONS: Dalteparin prophylaxis did not reduce the frequency of thromboembolic complications after CVC implantation in cancer patients. Dalteparin was demonstrated to be safe over 16 weeks of treatment in these patients.
Assuntos
Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversos , Cateteres de Demora/efeitos adversos , Dalteparina/uso terapêutico , Tromboembolia/prevenção & controle , Anticoagulantes/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Dalteparina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Infusões Intravenosas , Injeções Subcutâneas , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Fatores de Risco , Tromboembolia/etiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To identify the most effective of two combinations, irinotecan/5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/folinic acid (FA) and irinotecan/cisplatin, in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer, for investigation in a phase III trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were randomized to receive irinotecan [80 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.)], FA (500 mg/m2 i.v.) and a 22-h infusion of 5-FU (2000 mg/m2 i.v.), weekly for 6 weeks with a 1-week rest, or irinotecan (200 mg/m2 i.v.) and cisplatin (60 mg/m2 i.v.), on day 1 for 3 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 115 patients were eligible for analysis in the per-protocol population. The overall response rate in the irinotecan/5-FU/FA arm (n=59) was 42.4%, with a complete response rate of 5.1%. Corresponding figures for the irinotecan/cisplatin arm (n=56) were 32.1% and 1.8%, respectively. The median time to progression was 6.5 months (irinotecan/5-FU/FA) and 4.2 months (irinotecan/cisplatin) (P < 0.0001), with median survival times of 10.7 and 6.9 months, respectively (P=0.0018). The major toxicity was grade 3/4 neutropenia, which was more pronounced with irinotecan/cisplatin than with irinotecan/5-FU/FA (65.7% versus 27%). Diarrhea was the main grade 3/4 non-hematological toxicity with both irinotecan/5-FU/FA (27.0%) and irinotecan/cisplatin (18.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Both combinations were active, with acceptable safety profiles. Irinotecan/5-FU/FA was selected as the most effective combination for investigation in a phase III trial in advanced gastric cancer.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Cisplatino/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Cisplatino/administração & dosagem , Cisplatino/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patologia , Junção Esofagogástrica/patologia , Feminino , Fluoruracila/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Infusões Intravenosas , Leucovorina/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neutropenia/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The results of examination of 156 patients were used to consider whether radiation and endoscopic techniques might be used in the differential diagnosis of gastric ulcerations. The necessity of their complex use is shown. Evidence is provided for that the understanding of intramural changes at the site of ulceration should underlie the interpretation of visual changes in the gastric mucosa. An algorithm has been developed for the rational and effective use of radiation and endoscopic techniques in the differential diagnosis of gastric ulcerations. The algorithm is shown to be highly effective in the correct interpretation of the pattern of an identified ulceration (98.4% specificity). Ultrasound and computed tomographic semiotics of benign and malignant gastric ulcerations is presented.
Assuntos
Gastroscopia , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Úlcera Gástrica/diagnóstico , Estômago/diagnóstico por imagem , Algoritmos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiografia , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico por imagem , Úlcera Gástrica/diagnóstico por imagem , UltrassonografiaAssuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Etoposídeo/administração & dosagem , Etoposídeo/toxicidade , Administração Oral , Adulto , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Epirubicina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Injeções Intravenosas , Metástase Linfática , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase Neoplásica , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/irrigação sanguínea , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Feminino , Humanos , Microesferas , Pertecnetato Tc 99m de Sódio , Agregado de Albumina Marcado com Tecnécio Tc 99m , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão/métodosRESUMO
A procedure for obtaining microcirculation coefficient is described. It is based on the phenomenon of formation of a focus of radionuclide hyperfixation on scintigrams of tumor area due to embolization of its arterioles and precapillaries with radionuclide. The method was used in 26 breast cancer patients before neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A direct correlation between the microcirculation coefficient and degree of tumor-induced pathomorphosis of tumor cells was established. The coefficient values proved more or less predictive of tumor response to chemotherapy.