Geotrichum candidum link 1809: hydrolases activity and own method of digestive tract strains biotyping.

Hydrolase activity of (enzymograms, biotypes) in Geotrichum candidum, one of the poorly described pathogenic fungi, was studied 81 strains were isolated from oral cavity and faeces of patients with gastrointestinal tract disorders. Axenic strains were differentiated with API 20C Aux and API ZYM tests. Then, enzymograms and biotypes were determined for all strains based on the activity of 19 hydrolases. High variability of enzymograms (17 different types) was found. The highest activity was noted in case of: e2 - alkaline phosphatase, e6 - leucine arylamidase, e11 - acid phosphatase. E5 - lipase, e7 - valine arylamidase, e12 - naphtol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase and e17 - beta-glucosidase were used for biotyping procedures. Our own system of biotyping of 81 strains of G. candidum was based on the mathematical binominal distribution formula (1 : 4 : 6 : 4 : 1) - all "+"; one "-", three "+"; two "two "+"; three "-", one "+"; all "-". We have found: A (11.1 +/- 3.5%), BI (6.17 +/- 2.67%), B2 (1.23 +/- 1.22%), B4 (4.94 +/- 2.41%), C, (1.23 +/-1.22%), C3 (63.0 +/- 5.4%), D2 (9.88 +/-3.31%), D3 (2.47 +/- 1.72%). Among all strains from 8 various biotypes of G. candidum.

[Contamination of dairy products by yeasts-like fungi]. / Kontaminacja grzybami drozdzopodobnymi produktów mleczarskich.

Evaluation of the degree of contamination of diary products with potentially pathogenic fungal strains. Materials for the study were: yoghurt, cottage cheese, homogenised cottage cheese, cream and buttermilk. Differentiation of species was based on their morphological features and biochemical properties (API 20 C bioMérieux). Among 300 studied diary products we have isolated 100 (33.0 +/- 2.72%) strains of yeast-like fungi. Diary products were contamined with 19 species of fungi from types: Candida, Geotrichum, Trichosporon, Saccharomyces and Rhodotorula. The highest percentage of fungi was seen in cream (95.7 +/- 4.23%), cottage cheese (87.9 +/- 5.68%) and kefir (60.0 +/- 15.5%). In other studied products the frequency ranged from 13.1 +/- 2.54% to 35.2 +/- 6.51%. Among the isolated fungi the following species prevailed: Geotrichum candidum (18.0 +/- 3.84%), Candida lusitaniae (15.0 +/- 3.57%) and C. inconspicua (11.0 +/- 3.13%).

[The cytochemical evaluation of activity of some oxidoreductases of Geotrichum candidum link under the influence of chemical compounds inhibiting the growth of the fungus]. / Ocena cytochemiczna aktywnosci niektórych oksydoredukaz Geotrichum candidum link pod wplywem zwiazkow chemicznych hamujacych wzrost grzyba.

It has been investigated, with the aid of routine cytochemical methods, whether any changes of the activity of oxydoreductases of G. candidum which has been influenced by chemical factors affecting its growth, and with which it can contact in human organism or his environment, occur. The factors were: antibacterial antibiotic from tetracycline group/chlortetracycline/, antifungal antibiotic representing polyenes derivatives/nystatine/, heavy metal salt/mercuric chloride/, aniline dye/malachite green/. To evaluate cytochemical preparates in which the fungus cells have been classified according to intensity of enzymatic reaction the chi2 test has been suggested. It has been proved that all the investigated compounds have significant changes in the fungus metabolism showing in the oxydoreductases activity deviations.

[Characteristics of fungi and attempts of their elimination from the oral cavity in children treated with orthodontic appliances]. / Charakterystyka grzybów i próba ich wyeliminowania z jamy ustnej dzieci leczonych aparatami ortodontycznymi.

Microbiological evaluation of oral cavity was performed in 112 children, aged 6-18 years, with retrogenic defects (group I) and other defects (group II). The material for microbiological investigation consisted of contents of oral cavity cultured on the Sabouraud broth. Isolated abacterial strains of fungi were differentiated according to their morphological and biochemical properties. Among isolated fungi, independently of the bite defects and age of children, highest percentage of strains of Candida albicans was noted. Remaining species represented genus Candida (C. glabrata, C. guilliermondii, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. pseudotropicalis, C. zeylanoides), Geotrichum (G. candidum), Rhodotorula (R. rubra) and Trichosporon (T. cutaneum). Fungi were present in oral cavity in 45% (age 6-8 years) and 36.4% (age 9-18 years) of group I patients. In group II these percentages were respectively 15.2 and 58.7. In control groups occurrence of fungi was 3-4 times lower. Despite application of disinfectants and treatment with nystatin, frequency of isolation of fungi did not change.

[Antitrichomonal properties of derivatives of ethers containing amine and halogenarylalkyl groups]. / Wlasciwosci przeciwrzesistkowe pochodnych eterów zawierajacych reszty aminowe i chlorowcoaryloalkilowe.

The trichomonacidal activity in vitro of 6 new derivatives of theirs containing amine and halogenaryloalkyl groups in comparison with metronidazole, ornidazole and tinidazole has been examined. For all the examined compounds curves of action were obtained after 30 min, and lethal concentrations for 50% population (CL50) of three strains of T. vaginalis used for experiments were calculated. The trichomonacidal action of the following compounds was specially strong: 2-/1-methylpiperazine++-4-yl/ethyl-4-chlorbenzhydryl ether dihydrochloride and 2-/1-benzylperhydro-1,4-diazepine++-4-yl/ethyl 2,4-dichlorbenzyl ether dihydrochloride. The trichomonacidal action of these compounds was several times stronger than that of metronidazole and tinidazole.