Monitoring of Tritium Internal Exposure Doses of Heavy-Water Reactor Workers in Third Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant.

To analyze the tritium internal exposure dose of workers in the Third Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant over the past 15 years. Urine samples provided by workers are tested directly to analyze the tritium concentrations and estimate internal exposure dose. Since 2004, an average of approximately 1600 workers have been monitored annually, with an average annual monitoring frequency of approximately 11 000. Since 2004, the average annual collective dose of tritium internal exposure was 149.62 person·mSv, accounting for 19.07% of the total annual collective dose. A total of 18 workers' annual individual internal tritium radiation doses exceeded 2 mSv, of which 5 workers' internal tritium radiation doses in a single intake exceeded 2 mSv. The occupational population with the largest total internal tritium radiation doses consists of maintenance personnel, fuel operators, and radiation protection personnel, whose collective doses of internal exposure account for 75.51% of the total collective doses within the plant. Over 15 years of operation, the internal tritium radiation doses of workers in the Third Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant have been strictly controlled within the national regulatory limit and power plant management target, ensuring the health and safety of the workers.

Successful Rescue of the Victim Exposed to a Super High Dose of Iridium-192 during the Nanjing Radiological Accident in 2014.

Here we report on the interventions taken to treat a patient exposed to high-dose radiation and provide a protocol for treating such patients in the future. The patient, Mr. Wang, was a 58-year-old male janitor who was accidentally exposed to a 192Ir source with an activity of 966.4 GBq or 26.1 Ci. The dose estimated to the lower right limb was 4,100 Gy, whereas the whole-body effective dose was 1.51 Gy. The diagnosis was made according to the results of the patient dose estimation and clinical manifestations. Systemic treatment included stimulating bone marrow hematopoietic cells, enhancing immunity, anti-infection and vitamin supplements. The treatment of radiation-induced skin lesions consisted of several debridements, two skin-flap transplantations and application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Skin-flap transplantations and MSCs play important roles in the recovery of skin wound. A combination of antibiotics and antimycotic was useful in reducing inflammation. The application of vacuum sealing drainage was effective in removing necrotic tissue and bacteria, ameliorating ischemia and hypoxia of wound tissue, providing a fresh wound bed for wound healing and improving skin or flap graft survival rates. The victim survived the accident without amputation, and function of his highly exposed right leg was partially recovered. These results demonstrate the importance of collaboration among members of a multidisciplinary team in the treatment of this patient.

Pharmacokinetic evaluation of novel oral fluorouracil antitumor drug S-1 in Chinese cancer patients.

AIM: S-1 is an oral anticancer fluoropyrimidine formulation consisting of tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine and potassium oxonate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of a newly developed generic formulation of S-1 in Chinese cancer patients in comparison with the branded reference formulation of S-1. METHODS: A single-dose, randomized-sequence, open-label, two-way self-crossover study was conducted in 30 Chinese cancer patients. The subjects alternatively received the two formulations (40 mg/m(2), po) with a 7-d interval. Plasma concentrations of FT, CDHP, Oxo, and 5-Fu were determined using LC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters, including Cmax, Tmax, t1/2, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ were determined using non-compartmental models with DAS2.0 software. Bioequivalence of the two formulations were to be evaluated according to 90% CIs for the log-transformed ratios of AUC and Cmax of S-1. Adverse events were evaluated through monitoring the symptom, physical and laboratory examinations, ECGs and subject interviews. RESULTS: The mean values of Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ of FT, 5-Fu, CDHP, and Oxo for the two formulations had no significant differences. The 90% CIs for natural log-transformed ratios of Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ were within the predetermined bioequivalence acceptance limits. A total of 11 mild adverse events, including fatigue, nausea and vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea and myelosuppression, were observed, and no serious and special adverse events were found. CONCLUSION: The newly developed generic formulation and reference formulation of S-1 have similar pharmacokinetics with one dose (40 mg/m(2)) in Chinese cancer patients. Both the formulations of S-1 are well tolerated.