Comparison of different surface treatment methods on flexural strength and elasticity modules of quartz and glass fiber-based posts: A narrative review.

Background and Aim: Evaluating the effect of different surface treatment methods on flexural strength (FS) and elasticity modules (EM) related to fiber posts is very important. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatment methods on FS and EM of quartz and glass fiber-based posts in the form of a narrative review study. Materials and Methods: To conduct this study, all studies related to the subject under discussion during the years 2022-2000 by systematic search in internationally available databases, including Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar, were checked out. Finally, completely relevant studies were selected to investigate the main objective. Results: The results showed that before surface preparation, FS and elasticity coefficient (EC) of quartz fiber-based posts were higher than glass fiber. According to the results of some previous studies, surface preparation of glass and quartz fiber posts by laser and 10% hydrogen peroxide has no effect on their FS and elasticity. Findings of some other studies showed that the laser method than air abrasion can be a more suitable method for preparing the surface of fiber posts before the bonding process. In some other studies, it was reported that the Airborne-particle abrasion (Al2O3) method produced a higher amount of FS than the laser. Conclusion: Based on the results of previous similar studies, it can be concluded that the results of previous studies are very contradictory, and therefore, it is not possible to provide a completely superior surface treatment method to increase flexural strength. The amount of flexural strength depends mainly on the intrinsic properties of the fiber post.

A fuzzy rule-based multi-criterion approach for a cooperative green supplier selection problem.

Multi-criterion decision-making models are widely used in supplier selection problems. This study contributes to a green supplier selection problem considering the green manufacturing, green transportation, and green procurement. This study contributes to reverse logistics, eco-design, reusing, recycling, and remanufacturing with their high impact on the industries. In addition to the logistics costs and transportation costs, the carbon emissions are considered. With regard to the game theory, this paper uses a cooperative green supplier selection model. If transportation requirements of two or more companies are combined, it will help manufacturers to have less [Formula: see text] emissions with lower cost. After creating the optimization model to consider the uncertainty, this cooperative game theory model is established in a fuzzy environment. In this regard, a fuzzy rule-based (FRB) system is deployed and the set of fuzzy IF-THEN rules is considered. The proposed FRB model is contributed for the first time in the area of green supplier selection problem. Finally, some sensitivity analyses are conducted in a numerical example to evaluate the proposed model. With regard to the findings, although the cost of CO2 emission of horizontal cooperation is increased, the cost saving of companies is increased. It means our total cost is optimal in a logistic network using the cooperative game theory. The results also indicate that horizontal cooperation in logistic network causes less cost and benefits for each company.