[Algorithm of identification of atypical variants of Staphylococci, pathogens of chronic pyo-inflammatory processes in humans].

Staphylococcal pathogens of chronic relapsing infections, such as cystic pneumosclerosis and osteomyelitis are characterized by atypical morphology of the colonies (atypical variants of staphylococci) and present a subpopulation in clinically significant staphylococci. Since the loss of some phenotypic characteristics important for the genus Staphylococcus due to mutations, identification of such staphylococcal variants is difficult and sometimes impossible. An algorithm of identification of atypical variants of S.aureus (SSCVs) was developed. The advantages of the molecular methods and in particular the tRNA-PCR analysis, as well as the use of the diagnostic preparation Diastaph for correct identification of Staphylococcus atypical variants were shown.

[Characteristics of atypical forms of staphylococci (SCVs) isolated from patients with osteomyelitis].

Small-colony variants (SCVs), isolated from a population of the parental strains of Staphylococcus aureus, S. haemolyticus and S. epidermidis lost a number of features typical of the species and genus and were characterized by delayed growth, altered colony morphology, lack of pigmentation and changed carbohydrate consumption. Some SCVs of S. aureus had no plasmocoagulase and lecithinase activities. The analysis of 14 SCVs showed that they were auxotrophic for hemin and menadione and resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Such aberrant phenotypic characteristics complicated or made it impossible their identification by the common clinical laboratory methods. The tRNA intergenic spacer length polymorphism analysis was used to identify the atypical forms of the staphylococci.

[Characterization of batumin resistant variants of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates].

Population analysis of 20 batumin susceptible staphylococcal strains, isolated from clinical materials allowed to detect resistant clones only in 3 strains. The frequency of batumin resistant variants isolation was low and depended on the antibiotic concentration. Resistance to batumin in 5 clinical strains and in 1 reference strain of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 P (209P) developed under laboratory conditions and induced significant phenotypic and chemotaxonomic changes in the pathogen. The variants, resistant to batumin, had the same degree of virulence for mice as the initial susceptible strain. The batumin resistant variants of S. aureus were unstable and on the medium without batumin completely restored their initial phenotype.

[Study on activity of antistaphylococcal antibiotic batumin against methicillin resistant strains of staphylococci].

A stable increase in the frequency of methicillin resistant clinical isolates of staphylococci was recorded. 258 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis, including methicillin resistant ones, were susceptible to batumin. The minimum inhibitory concentration of batumin ranged within 0.04 and 0.5 mcg/ml and depended on the concentration of the microbial cells and the medium pH. The medium composition had limited influence on the batumin activity. No differences in the batumin activity against methicillin susceptible and methicillin resistant staphylococci were observed. The antibiotic had bactericidal action on the strains (2-4 mcg / ml). The results of the study showed that batumin ointment was prospective for eradication of S. aureus. including MRSA, in cases with the nasal carriage and for control of multiresistant strains during hospital outbreaks.

[Efficacy of diagnostic plates with batumin in identification and indication of staphylococci]. / Efektyvnist' diahnostychnykh dyskiv z batuminom pry identyfikatsiï ta indykatsiï stafilokokiv.

In investigations designed to study sensitivity of 763 clinical strains of microorganisms that belonged to different taxonomic groups with respect to batumin, a new antibiotic recovered from bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas, all members of the genus Staphylococcus displayed high sensitivity to batumin irrespective of their sensitivity or resistance to other antibiotics. High selectivity of batumin in respect to representatives of the genus Staphylococcus has been used to create a novel diagnostic preparation diastaph--a batch of paper disks with batumin (5 mkg) spread on them. Results of the trial given to the preparation diastaph suggest to us a high specificity of this identification option for staphylococci of different species in mono- and mixed cultures, a possibility of our using them simultaneously with or instead of the Hew-Leuffson medium, and an expediency of employment of batumin disks for a prompt preindication of staphylococci in a clinical setting while studying a material notable for a high probability that there are bacterial associations involving staphylococci.

[Bacteriological investigation and treatment strategies of patients with diabetic foot complicated by purulent necrosis]. / Bakteriolohichne doslidzhennia ta taktyka likuvannia khvorykh z diabetychnoiu stopoiu, uskladnenoiu hniino-nekrotychnym urazhenniam.

Results of examination of 48 patients with diabetic foot (DF), in whom bacteriological investigation of tissues was conducted on various distance from inflammatory focus and in the blood serum (in 30 patients), were analyzed. The role of endogenous mechanism of infection and spread of microorganisms far away the purulent focus borders was established. The data obtained are permitting to perform rational treatment of patients with DF.

[The antibacterial immunity of people under dynamic observation in an altered radiation situation]. / Sostoianie antibakterial'nogo immuniteta u liudei v dinamike nabliudeniia pri izmenennoi radiatsionnoi situatsii.

The comparative study of the isolation rate, level, antigenic and class specificity of serum antibodies to the causative agents of purulent septic infections (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis) and acute enteric infections in healthy adults with different ABO blood groups before (836 persons) and after (1,429 persons) the catastrophe at the Chernobyl nuclear power station was made. The study revealed the fact that the genesis of antibodies directed against different microorganisms can be stimulated without additional antigenic challenge in the form of disease or immunization, which was definitely indicative of the influence of small radiation doses in Kiev on the humoral immunity of the population. The multifactor character of the dependence of antibacterial antibody formation under altered radiation conditions on the specific features of the infective agent and the intensity of its circulation among the population, individual immune responsiveness of the body and concrete radiation conditions was established.

[Effect of biological fluids of the body on antimicrobial activity of ethonium-modified suture material]. / Vliianie biologicheskikh zhidkostei organizma na antimikrobnuiu aktivnost' modifitsirovannogo étoniem shovnogo materiala.

Ethonium in solution and on the surface of surgical threads displays different antistaphylococcal activity in the presence of biological fluids: under the influence of bile, it decreases essentially, blood serum--decreases to a less degree, urine doesn't change it. A conclusion is made that for optimal use of the ethonium and surgical threads modified with ethonium it is necessary to take into account the location of a pathological focus.

[Experimental study of polyvalent proteus antigen immunogenicity]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie immunogennosti polivalentnogo proteinogo antigena.

The experiments on 52 rabbits have been carried out to show the possibility to use Proteus antigen with high content of H-component (H1; H2; H3 Proteus antigens are most frequently found) for active immunization to make highly specific humoral immunity. The optimal scheme of immunization consists of 3 subcutaneous injections in doses of 0.25-0.25-0.5 mg of antigen within 7 days intervals and 0.25 mg dose of single revaccination. The duration of cycle immunization is 14 days.

[Serotyping of Proteus using a rapid system]. / Serotipirovanie proteev s pomoshch'iu rapid-sistemy.

A rapid method for Proteus serologic typing is suggested, based on Soviet commercial diagnostic adsorbed type sera. The rapid system involves replacing two-staged typing with one-staged, making use of polyvalent sera constructed by uniting 8-9 type sera according to the suggested schemes. O- and H-antigens are types in accordance with special tables. Fifteen O-antigens and 4 H-antigens, whose total incidence among Proteus clinical strains is under 2 percent, cannot be typed with the use of this system. The suggested rapid system is suggested as a rapid simple method for typing Proteus clinical strains in intricate epidemiologic situations.

[Serological diagnosis and immunological aspects of Proteus infection. V. Design and trial of polyvalent antigenic preparations]. / Serologicheskaia diagnostika i immunologicheskie aspekty proteinoi infektsii. Soobshchenie V. Konstruirovanie i ispytanie polivalentnykh antigennykh preparatov.

The main principles of the development of Proteus polyvalent antigen and erythrocyte diagnosticum, including the selection of the initial strains according to the clinical importance of their H-antigens and to the variety of their partial factors, the combination of monoantigens to form a polyvalent antigenic preparation with due regard to the potency of each component and the use of the preparation in serological tests in accordance with its summary potency, as well as the simultaneous loading of formaldehyde-fixed and tannin- or bisdiazo benzidine-treated sheep red blood cells with sensitins, have been worked out. The diagnostic value of these preparations has been confirmed by the study of serum samples from 579 patients with intestinal and urological infections (among them 153 patients releasing Proteus) and 245 healthy persons.

[Serodiagnosis and immunological aspects of Proteus infection. III. Immunological, bacteriological and pathomorphological parallels in experimental Proteus intestinal infections, mono- and mixed]. / Serodiagnostika i immunologicheskie aspekty proteinoi infektsii. Soobshchenie III. Immunologicheskie, bakteriologicheskie i patomorfologicheskie paralleli pri proteinykh kishechnykh mono- i smeshannoi infektsiiakh v éksperimente.

The intraintestinal infection of 76 rabbits with P. mirabilis in a dose of 10(9) cells/kg, alone or in combination with Sh. sonnei, by the method modified by the authors caused a pathological process in the intestine, which was indicative of Proteus playing an independent role in the etiology of diarrheas. The process had its pronounced clinical, microbiological and immunological characteristics. Specific immunoglobulins, mainly H-antibodies, could be detected in different serological tests with the corresponding antigens, their pattern, level and avidity objectively reflecting the development of the infectious process. In mixed infections the pattern of the contamination of feces with the infective agents and their ability to form colonies after the inoculation of fecal samples were changed, while the level of antibodies to the associates was lower than in monoinfections.

[Serodiagnosis and the immunological aspects of Proteus infection. IV. Serum antibody level and the pathomorphological and bacteriological indices in experimental mixed and monoinfections of the urinary tract]. / Serodiagnostika i immunologicheskie aspekty proteinoi infektsii. Soobshchenie IV. Uroven' syvorotochnykh antitel, patomorfologicheskie i bakteriologicheskie pokazateli pri smeshannoi i monoinfektsiiakh mochevyvodiashchego trakta v éksperimente.

In developing the serodiagnosis of the Proteus infection of the urinary tract experimental hematogenic Proteus or Proteus-Escherichia pyelonephritis was reproduced. In this infection the time course, level and avidity of serum antibodies correlated with the isolation of the causative agents from urine samples used as seed material and with histological changes in the kidneys. The serological tests revealed high titres of H-antibodies and the presence of O-antibodies, while in cases of bacteriuria not accompanied by kidney lesions only H-antibodies in low titers were detected. The results obtained in the study of immune shifts can be used for etiological diagnosis and more exact localization of the pathological process in the urinary system.

[Immunological mechanisms of specific hyposensitization in allergic diseases of an infectious nature.. I. Hyposensitization with autovaccine]. / Immunologicheskie mekhanizmy spetsificheskoi giposensibilizatsii pri allergicheskikh zabolevaniiakh infektsionnoi prirody. Soobshchenie I. Giposensibilizatsiia autovaktsinoi.

Immunological processes in 17 patients with infectious allergic bronchial asthma accompanied by chronic respiratory tract infection were studied in dynamics resulting from the hyposensitization of the patients with autovaccine. Specific sensitization was shown to produce stable clinical remission. The therapeutic effect of this method was ensured by a simultaneous hange in non-specific cellular and humoral immunity. A stable therapeutic effect was observed gainst the background of activated immunological processes and weakened sensitization.