Ultrasound images of thrombosis of caval vein inferior--three selected cases.

Thrombosis of vena cava inferior can occur as complication of numerous diseases. Because of a variety of causes, the clinical signs accompanying thrombosis are often ambiguous, which is the cause of delay in initiation of appropriate treatment. This article presents three interesting cases of thrombosis of vena cava inferior in children accompanying extensive burn, the Budd-Chiari syndrome, and prolonged presence of catheters in vessels. The use of ultrasound in B presentation, Color Doppler and Power Doppler has enabled early diagnosis and application of appropriate treatment.

[Ultrasonographic diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum--case report]. / Diagnostyka ultrasonograficzna uchylka Meckela--opis przypadku.

Meckel's diverticulum is the congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract affecting about 2% of the population. It is a true diverticulum containing all layers of the ileum wall. Heterotopic tissue is frequently present (25%): gastric mucosa, duodenal mucosa, jejunal mucosa and pancreatic tissue. Meckel's diverticulum is localized about 50 cm from the ileo-colic valve on the external border of the ileum. Most of Meckel's diverticula are clinically silent; clinical symptoms (19%) are in cases of complications such as: strangulation of the bowel in a ring formed by the diverticulum, intussusception of the diverticulum into the ileum, volvulus, incarceration of the diverticulum in hernia, tumour originating in the diverticulum. The diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum is very difficult. The most useful in the diagnosis are plain abdominal radiographs, barium studies, CT, sonography and scintigraphy Abdominal sonography shows a tubular fluid structure localized far from the coecum. The wall of the diverticulum is swollen and in the lumen are chyme or fat.

[A case of developmental cerebral cortex disorder with epilepsy resistant to treatment]. / Przypadek zaburzonego rozwoju kory mózgowej z padaczka oporna na leczenie.

Developmental disorders of the cerebral cortex were described as a local lesion in the right frontal lobe. Wide gyruses with increased density of cortical brain were observed. Changes in the cerebral cortex were correlated with clinical symptoms and EEG results and were responsible for the epilepsy resistant to any treatment. CT examination made possible the precise localisation of the lesion and then proper conservative or operative therapy.

[Porencephaly in infants and children imaged with tomography]. / Porencefalia u niemowlat i dzieci w obrazie tomografii komputerowej.

On the basis of current bibliography verum and spurum porencephaly have been distinguished. Verum porencephaly originates in prenatal life and is defined as disorder of brain tissue development. Its main characteristic is that cave borders are covered with grey matter often connected with lateral ventricle. Spurum porencephaly is term for lack of brain tissue caused by its disintegration. Five cases of cysts in infants and children diagnosed in CT examination were presented with the description of the patients' clinical condition. 3 cases were diagnosed as verum porencephaly, the remaining 2 cases turned out to be spurum porencephaly.

[Radiologic aspects of the coexistence of vesicoureteral reflux and other abnormalities of the urinary tact in children]. / Radiologiczne aspekty wspólistnienia odplywów pecherzowo-moczowodowych z innymi anomaliami ukladu moczowego u dzieci.

In this report cases of the coincidence of vesicoureteral reflux with different congenital abnormalities have been described. Radiological and ultrasonographic examinations of 240 children with 324 vesicoureteral refluxes showed the presence in 8.7% additional congenital anomalies such as: duplex pelvicaliceal system and duplex ureter, ureterocele, horseshoe kidney, primary megaureter, ureteropelvic junction obstruction, posterior urethral valves, neurogenic bladder. The coincidence of these abnormalities with vesicoureteral reflux caused some diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. In conclusion we suggest that in the cases of the coincidence of different congenital abnormalities, the proper sequence of performed diagnostic examinations and complexity evaluation of the results are very important.

[Ultrasound images of prostate and seminal vesicles in infertile male patients]. / Obrazy ultrasonograficzne gruczolu krokowego i pecherzyków nasiennych u bezdzietnych mezczyzn.

The results of clinical examinations, semen analysis and endosonographic examinations of prostate and seminal vesicles were analysed in 172 male patients treated due to infertility. Ultrasound equipment with transrectal multiplane transducers 6.5 and 7.0 MHz frequency has been used to the evaluation of size, symmetry and echostructure of prostate and the seminal vesicles. In 62% patients pathological changes have been displayed in the prostate and 32% in the seminal vesicles.

[Observation of some semen parameters in men with varicocele]. / Zachowanie sie niektórych parametrów nasienia u mezczyzn z zylakami powrózka nasiennego.

Among 172 examined male patients varicoceles have been found in 57.6% patients. The frequency of varicocele appearance increased according to the fall of sperm concentration. Simple relations between sperm motility and varicocele have not been observed. Larger per cent of pathological sperm forms in patients with varicoceles has been shown. In patients with varicoceles three times as frequent appearance of richer periprostatic and periseminnal blood vessels have been observed in comparison with patients without varicocele.

[Varices of the spermatic cord and endo-sonographic changes of urogenital organs in men with decreased values of certain sperm parameters]. / Zylaki powrózka nasiennego i endosonograficzne zmiany narzadów moczowo-plciowych mezczyzn z obnizona wartoscia niektórych cech nasienia.

A comparative analysis was carried out of sperm cell density, proportion of mobility and viability, and the proportion of morphologically abnormal sperm cells in 80 (74.6%) men with varices of the spermatic cord and 88 (52.4%) men without the varices. A significant shortening was observed of the viability time od the sperm cells, measured by the ability to maintain motion, in 57.5% of sperm samples from men with varices of the spermatic cord and in 39.8% of sperm samples from men without the varices. The shorter viability time was correlated with lower sperm cell density (20 million/ml) in the sperm samples. In endosonographic examinations performed at the same time, a coexistence was observed of varices and endosonographic changes in the prostate, seminal vesicles, and in a small proportion in the testicles. The coexistence of endosonographic changes and the varices was more frequently associated with decreased sperm cell density. The usefulness was demonstrated of sonographic examinations in the diagnosis and treatment of impaired fertility in men.

[Some routine test parameters of semen taken from the male partner of infertile couples and the state of the urogenital tract (prostate, seminal vesicles, testicles, epididymis) examined by ultrasound]. / Niektóre rutynowo badane cechy nasienia mezczyzn z nieplodnych par malzenskich a stan narzadów plciowych (prostaty, pecherzyków nasiennych, jader, najadrzy) w badaniu echosonograficznym.

The authors investigated 214 men with endorectal and percutaneous scrotal sonography. These men were treated for the reason of sperm defects. The age range was 22 to 52 years. They were married for 2-10 years and infertile. The sperm was defected in respect of low percentage of motility (< or = 50%) and vitality and increased percentage of morphological abnormalities. The paper is an attempt to find the correlation between the sperm vitality and the frequency of prostate, seminal vesicles, testes and ejaculatory ducts defects. These correlations were particularly evident in sperm samples with decreased sperm concentration (1-20 mln/ml). The authors suggested the usefulness of the finding in treating the male infertility.