Co-expression of human Kir3 subunits can yield channels with different functional properties.

To date, no comprehensive study has been done on all combinations of the human homologues of the Kir3.0 channel family, and the human homologue of Kir3.3 has not yet been identified. To obtain support for the contention that most of the functional data on non-human Kir3.0 channels can be extrapolated to human channels, we have cloned the human homologues of the Kir3.0 family, including the yet unidentified human Kir3.3, and the human Kir4.1. The expression pattern of these channels in various human brain areas and peripheral tissues, analysed by Northern blot analysis, allows for the existence of various homomeric and heteromeric forms of human Kir3.0 channels. Expression studies of all possible combinations in Xenopus oocytes indicated that in homomeric Kir3.2c and heteromeric Kir3.1/3.2c channels mediate, in our studies, inward currents with largest amplitude of any other Kir3.0 channel combinations, followed by heteromeric Kir3.1/3.4 and homomeric Kir4.1 channels. Channel combinations which include Kir3.3 are detrimental to the formation of functional channels. The co-expression experiments with different Kir channel subunits indicate the selective formation of certain channel combinations, suggesting that channel specificity is not solely dependent on spatial and temporal regulation of Kir subunit expression.

[From one journal to another or the impossible debt.]. / D'une revue à l'autre ou l'impossible dette.

The name Interpretation denotes a review, a publishing association (la société d'Editions), a group of psychoanalysts, a movement, and an effect of meetings within the psychoanalytic community in Quebec and in France. Here I try to analyse the events which led a group of psychoanalysts, originally constituted to resume publication of the review Interpretation and to develop new editorial policies, to desire a radically new publication. Problems of transfer and heritage, which had led the group to want a complete effacing of all traces of what had been Interpretation, made impossible the conception of a new review with the same name. These problems of transfer and heritage, in the particular context of Quebec psychoanalysis, culminate in the demise of Interpretation and in the birth of a new review, Frayages.

[Little girl ? Woman ? Pieces of analysis of a 9-year-old girl.]. / Petite fille? Femme? : Fragment d'analyse d'une petite fille de 9 ans.

This moment of a psychoanalytical encounter with a young 9 year old girl seeks, above all, to recount the particular atmosphere which accompanies a meeting of this sort. The term atmosphere is understood to signify the experiential quality associated with the child's psychic reality and with the manner in which it finds expression at the level of fantasy and dreams. Atmosphere also refers to the singularity and style with which the psychic life of this young girl finds expression in the course of her encounter with a female analyst. Also underlined is the utilization of the analyst's counter-transference, which allows her to <> to the flow of the analysis and to respect its unique quality. In this description, one witnesses the manner in which the incestuous <> with the father (the <> motivating her contact with the analyst) masked, in fact, a desire on the part of the young girl for a drawing nearer to, and a feminine identification with the mother, a desire which had been repressed due to the effective absence of the latter. The recovery of this desire allowed the play of identifications to resume its course, and the young girl to discard her regressive behaviour towards her father while maintaining her affection towards him.