RESUMO
The cumulative effect of five measures (introduction of hand disinfection with alcohol, a new type of dressing, a one-bag system for parenteral nutrition, a new intravenous connection device, and surveillance by an infection control practitioner) on central venous catheter colonization and bacteremia was studied. Colonization was significantly reduced (P<.025); the decrease in bacteremia was not statistically significant.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia/prevenção & controle , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversos , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Contaminação de Equipamentos/prevenção & controle , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Feminino , Hospitais com mais de 500 Leitos , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Higiene , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Países Baixos/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
A two-factor central composite design was used to determine a mathematical model for prediction of the optimal conditions for the separation of the enantiomers of some widely used beta2-sympathicomimetic drugs (beta2-agonists) by capillary electrophoresis using cyclodextrins (CD) as a chiral selector in a polyethylene glycolgel. The effects of the chemical structure of these drugs along with the addition of polyethylene glycol to the cyclodextrin solution on the resolution of their enantiomers were studied. To allow impurity studies down to 0.1% (distomer eutomer) a resolution of 2.5 should be warranted. Those beta2-agonists containing two hydroxylic groups in the aromatic ring structure show the highest enantiomeric separation, due to the fact that one of their enantiomers has a better geometric structure to fit into the beta-cyclodextrin cavity.
Assuntos
Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/química , Ciclodextrinas/química , Modelos Químicos , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Simpatomiméticos/química , Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2 , Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/isolamento & purificação , Eletroforese Capilar/métodos , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Modelos Teóricos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estereoisomerismo , Simpatomiméticos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Cyclodextrins were used to affect the selectivity of the capillary electrophoresis system in the separation of 10 widely used phenothiazines. It was shown that the addition of cyclodextrins substantially improved the selectivity. The effect of temperature and cyclodextrin concentration was studied on the resolution between the screened phenothiazines. The best results were obtained with 8 mM hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin at 15.5 degrees C. Under these conditions, a resolution of at least 1.5 between all phenothiazines could be obtained. In addition, the chiral separation of the enantiomers of trimeprazine could be accomplished. Structure separability relations between the phenothiazines showed that a change in the side chain at the R10 position had the greatest effect on the migration.