A novel biosensing strategy on the dynamic and on-site detection of Vibrio coralliilyticus eDNA for coral health warnings.

Heat stress and coral diseases are the predominant factors causing the degradation of coral reef ecosystems. Over recent years, Vibrio coralliilyticus was identified as a temperature-dependent pathogen causing tissue lysis in Pocillopora damicornis and one of the primary pathogens causing bleaching and mortality in other corals. Yet current detection techniques for V. coralliilyticus rely primarily on qPCR and ddPCR, which cannot meet the requirements for non-invasive and real-time detection. Herein, we developed an effective electrochemical biosensor modified by an Au-MoS2/rGO (AMG) nanocomposites and a specific capture probe to dynamically detect V. coralliilyticus environment DNA (eDNA) in aquarium experiments, with a lower limit of detection (0.28 fM) for synthetic DNA and a lower limit of quantification (9.8 fg/µL, ∼0.86 copies/µL) for genomic DNA. Its reliability and accuracy were verified by comparison with the ddPCR method (P > 0.05). Notably, coral tissue started to lyse at only 29 °C when the concentration of V. coralliilyticus increased abruptly to 880 copies/µL, indicating the biosensor could reflect the types of pathogen and health risks of corals under heat stress. Overall, the novel and reliable electrochemical biosensing technology provides an efficient strategy for the on-site monitoring and early warning of coral health in the context of global warming.

The Diverse Mycorrizal Morphology of Rhododendron dauricum, the Fungal Communities Structure and Dynamics from the Mycorrhizosphere.

It is generally believed that mycorrhiza is a microecosystem composed of mycorrhizal fungi, host plants and other microscopic organisms. The mycorrhiza of Rhododendron dauricum is more complex and the diverse morphology of our investigated results displays both typical ericoid mycorrhizal characteristics and ectomycorrhizal traits. The characteristics of ectendoomycorrhiza, where mycelial invade from the outside into the root cells, have also been observed. In order to further clarify the mycorrhizal fungi members and other fungal communities of R. dauricum mycorrhiza, and explore the effects of vegetation and soil biological factors on their community structure, we selected two woodlands in the northeast of China as samples-one is a mixed forest of R. dauricum and Quercus mongolica, and the other a mixed forest of R. dauricum, Q. mongolica, and Pinus densiflor. The sampling time was during the local growing season, from June to September. High-throughput sequencing yielded a total of 3020 fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), which were based on sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal RNA (ITS rRNA) via the Illumina NovaSeq platform. In the different habitats of R. dauricum, there are differences in the diversity of fungi obtained from mycorrhizal niches, and specifically the mycorrhizal fungal community structure in the complex vegetation of mixed forests, where R. dauricum is found, exhibits greater stability, with relatively minor changes over time. Soil fungi are identified as the primary source of fungi within the mycorrhizal niche, and the abundance of mycorrhizal fungi from mycorrhizal niches in R. dauricum is significantly influenced by soil pH, organic matter, and available nitrogen. The relationship between soil fungi and mycorrhizal fungi from mycorrhizal niches is simultaneously found to be intricate, while the genus Hydnellum emerges as a central genus among mycorrhizal fungi from mycorrhizal niches. However, there is currently a substantial gap in the foundational research of this genus, including the fact that mycorrhizal fungi from mycorrhizal niches have, compared to fungi present in the soil, proven to be more sensitive to changes in soil moisture.

The impact of pretransplant suspected HLA antibody on the long-term outcome of the graft kidney: A retrospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: The preoperative examination of kidney transplantation includes HLA antibody screening to initially determine the presence of preexisting donor-specific antibody (DSA) that mediates hyperacute rejection. Recipients with positive HLA antibodies require further HLA specificity analysis to type the antigen and determine the antigen mismatches between the donor and recipient. However, recipients with suspected antibodies would have no further HLA specificity analysis. It is unclear whether suspected HLA antibodies would affect renal graft function. This study aimed to explore the impact of pretransplant suspected HLA antibody on the long-term outcome of the graft kidney and thus determine the necessity of routinely performing the HLA specificity analysis in recipients with suspected HLA antibodies preoperatively. METHODS: This is a single-center retrospective cohort study. 179 kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) were included and further divided into HLA antibody-negative group (Group 1) and HLA antibody-suspected groups (Group 2) based on the result of the pretransplant HLA antibody screen test. And the antibody-suspected group was further divided into a low-mismatched group (Group A) and a high-mismatched group (Group B) according to the HLA specificity analysis. We tracked the renal function indexes, biochemical indexes, and posttransplant adverse events within 5 years after transplantation and explored the necessity of further HLA specificity analysis in recipients with pretransplant suspected HLA antibodies. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in demographics between HLA antibody-negative group and HLA antibody-suspected groups. At 5 years of follow-up, the KTRs in HLA antibody-negative group had significantly higher eGFR levels, lower serum creatinine levels, and less urinary protein compared to those in antibody-suspected group. Meanwhile, the KTRs in low-mismatched group also had significantly higher eGFR levels, lower serum creatinine levels, and less proteinuria compared to those in high-mismatched group. Correlation analysis showed that the age of KTRs, urinary protein levels and the load capacity of HLA mismatches were associated with eGFR levels of KTRs at 5 year posttransplant. CONCLUSION: KTRs with suspected HLA antibodies before kidney transplantation have worse graft function than the preoperative HLA antibody-negative recipients in the long-term posttransplant follow-up. The specific load capacity of HLA mismatches, the age of the recipient and the urinary protein was found to be negatively correlated with long-term posttransplant renal outcomes. It is necessary to undergo further HLA specificity analysis for recipients with suspected HLA antibodies in HLA antibody screen test to explicit HLA mismatches and improve long-term posttransplant outcomes.

Changes of volatile components and their content determination of Olibanum after processing / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To analyze the changes of volatile co mponents in Olibanum and its processed products ，and to determine the contents of 4 components as octyl acetate. METHODS The volatile oil of Olibanum ，fried Olibanum and Olibanum stir-baked with vinegar were extracted. The components of volatile components were identified by GC-MS. The structure identification and data analysis of the chemical components with similarity ≥80％ were performed by using Xcalibur 4.0 software and NIST 2.0 mass spectrum database. The peak area normalization method was used to calculate the relative content of each component. GC method was adopted to simultaneously determine and compare the contents of limonene ，octyl acetate ，linalool and n-octanol in volatile components of Olibanum and its processed products. RESULTS Thirteen components were identified from volatile components of Olibanum ，fried Olibanum and Olibanum stir-baked with vinegar ，mainly including alcohols ，olefins and esters；among them ，relative contents of octyl acetate in Olibanum ，fried Olibanum and Olibanum stir-baked with vinegar were higher，which were 23.86％ ，37.80％ and 53.86％ respectively. The linear ranges of limonene ，octyl acetate ，linalool and n-octanol were 0.006 6-0.066 4，0.179 2 -1.792 0，0.003 7-0.037 0 and 0.032 8-0.328 0（r＞0.999 5）respectively；RSDs of precision，repeatability and stability （24 h）tests were all less than 2％；average recoveries were 98.56％，100.02％，99.13％ and 98.66％，respectively（RSD≤2.16，n＝6）. Average contents of 4 components in Olibanum were 0.15％，16.27％，0.36％ and 2.26％，while those of fried Olibanum were 0.85％，17.58％，0.66％ and 3.47％，respectively；those of Olibanum stir-baked with vinegar were 0.50％，19.75％，0.58％ and 3.34％，respectively. Compared with Olibanum ，average contents of octyl acetate ， linalool，n-octanol and limonene in volatile components of fried Olibanum and Olibanum stir-baked with vinegar were increased significantly（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with fried Olibanum ，average contents of limonene ，linalool and n-octanol were decreased significantly ，while those of octyl acetate were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS After fried and stir-baked with vinegar ，the volatile components in Olibanum are similar ，but the relative contents are different ，and the contents of octyl acetate and other components are increased.

Insights into chemosensory genes of Pagiophloeus tsushimanus adults using transcriptome and qRT-PCR analysis.

Pagiophloeus tsushimanus is a new, destructive, and monophagous weevil pest that thrives on Cinnamomum camphora, found in Shanghai. The functions of chemosensory genes involved in the host location and intraspecific communication of P. tsushimanus remain unknown. The male-female transcriptomes of P. tsushimanus adults were assembled using Illumina sequencing, and we focused on all chemosensory genes in transcriptomes. In general, 58,088 unigenes with a mean length of 1018.19 bp were obtained. In total, 39 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 10 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 22 olfactory receptors (ORs), 16 gustatory receptors (GRs), eight ionotropic receptors (IRs), and five sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) were identified. PtsuOBPs comprised four subfamilies (20 Minus-C, one Plus-C, two Dimer, and 15 Classic). Both PtsuOBPs and PtsuCSPs contained a highly conserved sequence motif of cysteine residues. PtsuORs including one olfactory receptor co-receptors (Ptsu/Orco) comprised seven predicted transmembrane domains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PtsuOBPs, PtsuCSPs, and PtsuORs in P. tsushimanus exhibited low homology compared to other insect species. The results of tissue- and sex-specific expression patterns indicated that PtsuOBPs and PtsuORs were highly abundant in the antennae; whereas, PtsuCSPs were not only highly abundant in antennae, but also abdominal apexes, wings, and legs. In conclusion, these results enrich the gene database of P. tsushimanus, which may serve as a basis for identifying novel targets to disrupt olfactory key genes and may provide a reverse validation method to identify attractants for formulating potential eco-friendly control strategies for this pest.

HPLC Fingerprint Establishment ，Content Determination and Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Qinlian Runfei Decoction / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To establish the f ingerprint of Qinlian runfei decoction，determine the contents of 11 components， and conduct cluster analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）. METHODS ：HPLC method was used. The determination was performed on ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.05％ phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 260 nm， and column temperature was 30 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. Using wogonoside as reference，HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of Qinlian runfei decoction were drawn and the similarity evaluation was conducted with Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint （2012 edition），the common peaks were also confirmed ；the contents of 11 components in Qinlian runfei decoction were determined by the same method. SPSS 21.0 software was used for clus ter analysis ，and SIMCA 14.0 software was used for OPLS-DA to screen marker components affecting quality. RESULTS ：There were 21 common peaks in 10 batches of Qinlian runfei decoction ，and the similarity with control fingerprint was greater than 0.98. A total of 11 common peaks were identified ， which were rutin ， forsythiaside A ， forsythiaside B ， iris， irigenin， baicalin， forsythiaside， wogonoside， baicalein， irisflorentin and wogonin. The line ar ranges of 11 components were 9.960 0-49.800 0，1.974 0-9.870 0，0.672 0-3.360 0，0.960 0-4.800 0，0.549 0- 2.745 0，5.040 0-25.200 0，1.374 0-6.870 0，0.615 0-3.075 0，0.759 9-3.795 0，0.162 0-0.810 0，0.042 0-0.210 0 μg（all r＞ 0.999）； RSDs of precision ， stability （48 h） and repeatability tests were less than 2％ ； the average recoveries were 95.81％-100.29％ with RSDs of 0.43％-1.73％（n＝6）；the contents were 8.924 4-12.820 8，0.352 2-0.868 7，0.435 6-0.711 2， 0.389 8-1.309 0，0.335 8-0.530 1，1.680 5-4.542 3，0.701 8-1.584 2，2.240 2-5.442 5，2.351 0-5.558 9，0.106 0-0.182 2，0.076 8- 0.128 9 mg/g，respectively. The results of cluster analysis showed that when class spacing was 10，it could be divided into two groups，S1-S3 and S 4-S10；when the class spacing was 5，the second class could be divided into two categories ，S6，S7，S9 were clustered into one category ，and S 4，S5，S8，S10 were clustered into one category. The results of OPLS-DA analysis showed that S6，S7 and S 9 were at the top of the figure ，S4，S5，S8 and S 10 were at the lower left side of the figure ，and S 1-S3 were at the lower right side of the figure ，which was consistent with the cluster analysis results ；VIP values of baicalin ，iris，forsythiaside A ， baicalein and wogonoside were all greater than 1. CONCLUSIONS ：Established fingerprint and content determination methods have high precision and good stability. Combined with multivariate statistical analysis ，it can be used for the quality control of Qinlian runfei decoction. Five components as baicalin are the marker components affecting the quality of Qinlian runfei decoction.

Study on the Effects of Ginseng Root Extract on Autophagy ，Proliferation and Cytokine Secretion of Mice Splenic Lymphocytes and Its Mechanism / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To study the effects of gin seng root extract on autophagy ，proliferation and cytokine of splenic lymphocyte of mice ，and to study its mechanism. METHODS ：The splenic lymphocyte of mice were divided into blank control group，positive control group （concanavalin A ，5 μg/mL），different concentration of ginseng root extract groups （32，125，500 μg/mL，by lyophilized powder ）. After 48 h of culture with the corresponding medicine ，acridine orange staining method was used to detect autophagy of splenic lymphocyte ；CCK-8 assay was used to detect the cell proliferation ；ELISA assay was used to determine the levels of IL- 4，IL-6 and TNF-α in cell culture；Western blotting method was used to detect the expression of LC 3B and Beclin- 1，as well as the phosphorylation of AMPK ，AKT and mTOR. RESULTS ：Compared with blank control group ，32， 125，500 μg/mL ginseng root extract could increase the number of acidic autophagosomes in splenic lymphocytes of mice（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；125，500 μg/mL Ginseng root extract could significantly enhance the survival rate of splenic lymphocytes，the levels of IL- 4，IL-6 and TNF-α and the transformation of LC3BⅠ to LC 3BⅡ，significantly increased the protein expression of Beclin- 1， quinacrine cationic liposomes for treating non-small cell @163.com lung cancer[J]. J Drug Target ，2015，23（3）：232-243. the phosphorylation of AMPK protein ，and significantly reduced the phosphorylation level of AKT and mTOR proteins ，with statistical significance （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：Ginseng root extract can induce autophagy of mice splenic lymphocytes，activate the activity of splenic lymphocytes ，regulate the secretion of cytokine by activating AMPK and inhibiting the activation of AKT which can inhibit the activity of mTOR ，so as to exert immune enhancement effect.

Optimization of Composition Proportion of Compound Ginseng Immune-enhancing Formula and Study of Its Immunomodulatory Activity and Acute Toxicity on Mice / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To optimi ze the optimal composition proportion of 4 ingredients （Panax ginseng ，Astragalus membranaceus，Polygonatum sibiricum ，Lycium chinensis ）in Compound ginseng immune-enhancing formula （CGIF），and to study immune activity and acute toxicity of the extracts with the optimal ratio. METHODS ：The cell activity test was used to screen the crude drug concentration range of 4 ingredients. After treated with different crude drug concentrations of each medicinal material，using the contents of NO ，IL-6 and TNF-α as indexes，uniform design was used to determine the optimal ratio of each ingredient in CGIF. Totally 240 mice were taken and randomly divided into 4 batches，with 60 mice in each batch. Each batch of mice was randomly divided into blank group （normal saline ），model group （normal saline ），positive drug group [levamisole ，4 mg/（kg·d）]，and optimal proportion extract of CGIF low-dose ，medium-dose and high-dose groups [ 0.952 8，1.905 6，3.811 2 g/（kg·d）]，with 10 mice in each group ；they were given medicine intragastrically ，qd，for consecutive 30 d. Except for blank group，mice in the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide [ 40 mg/（kg·d）] on the 24th day after first administration，qd，for consecutive 3 d to induce immunocompromised model. The immune activity of the optimal proportion extract was evaluated by determining visceral coefficients ，spleen lymphocyte transformation capacity ，serum contents of hemolysin，IL-2，IgM，IgG and IgA ，phagocytosis function of peritoneal macrophages. Another 20 mice were collected and given the optimal proportion extract 20 mL/kg intragastrically ，twice；acute toxicity of the formula was investigated with oral maximum tolerated dose （MTD）. RESULTS ：The optimal ratio of CGIF was that crude drug mass ratio of P. ginseng ， membranaceus，P. sibiricum ，L. chinensis was 1 ∶ 2 ∶ 2 ∶ 4. The immunological activity experiment showed that theoptimal proportion extract can significantly improve visceral indexes of mice ， spleen lymphocyte proliferation ability serum contents of hemolysin ，IL-2，IgM，IgG and IgA as well as macrophage phagocy tosis ability （P＜0.05 or P＜ 0.01）. The acute toxicity test indicated that oral MTD was over 15 g/kg，which was non-toxic. CONCLUSIONS ：The optimal proportion extract of CGIF can significantly enhance the immune function of mice and are non-toxic.

Histomorphological Identification of Nandina domestica / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::Histomorphological study of the Nandinae Radix, Nandinae Caulis, Nandinae Folium, Nandinae Fructus were conducted to provide the basis for the identification of its authenticity and falsehood. Method::The origin and macroscopic identification were used to describe the plant morphology and the appearance characteristics of all medicinal parts. The microscopic characteristics of the medicinal parts, such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, were observed and photographed by paraffin section and powder preparation techniques. Result::It was found that the morphological characteristics of the original plant were consistent with the descriptions in herbaceous books. There was no pith on the cross-section of roots. In the transverse section of stems, there were intermittent circular fiber bundles in the cortex and a cap-shaped fibrous bundle in the inner part of the xylem. In the transverse section of the leaves, the palisade tissue was wider and the fiber bundles around the main vascular bundles formed a ring. In the transverse section of petiole, the fiber bundles were arranged intermittently into rings. In the transverse section of fruit, multi-layered sclereids formed a ring in the mesocarp. The powder characteristics of root and stem mainly contained crystalliferous sclereids. There were crystal sheath fibers and stomatal infinitive in the leaf powder, and pollen grains in the flower powder, with 3-hole grooves, obvious reticulate engraving pattern in the outer wall and more reticulate cells. There were a large number of branched sclereids and calcium oxalate square crystals in the fruit powder. Conclusion::The above-mentioned morphological and microscopic features have identification significance, and provide scientific basis for the authenticity identification, the quality standard and the utilization of resources of Nandina domestica.

SERS based determination of vanillin and its methyl and ethyl derivatives using flower-like silver nanoparticles on a silicon wafer.

A surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method is described for the determination of vanillin, methyl vanillin and ethyl vanillin at trace levels. Flower-like silver nanoparticles on a silicon wafer are used as the SERS substrate, and the analytes can be specifically and non-destructively recognized by their specific Raman bands. The molecules can be recognized rapidly by identifying the characteristic bands. The SERS spectra of vanillin (C8H8O3) were used as mid-contrast, and specific bands of methyl vanillin and ethyl vanillin (C9H10O3) were acquired at 775 cm-1, 1350 cm-1 and 1282 cm-1, 1382 cm-1, respectively. In addition, by using an improved principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm, the organic molecule can be quantitatively determined. Dissolved in water, vanillin, methyl vanillin and ethyl vanillin still can be detected at a concentration of 10-8 M, at which their characteristic Raman peaks are still visible. The method was successfully applied to the determination of vanillin in milk powder products. Graphical abstract Vanillin can be identified at trace levels by laser irradiation of milk and by using flower-like silver nanoparticles as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. Vanillin and its methyl and ethyl derivatives can be quantitatively analyzed by the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm.

Opinions and suggestions for "General Test Method in Salt Industry-Determination of Iodine" (GB/T 13025.7-2012) / 中华地方病学杂志

In order to make the national standard method of "General Test Method in Salt Industry-Determination of Iodine" (GB/T 13025.7-2012) more standardized and strict,basing on work experience,literatures and books,the authors listed the details needed to be amended and completed,including method principle,writingof chemical equations,preparation and calibration of standard titration solution,blank tests,sample weighing and result calculation,starch indicator,etc.At the same time,we gave out our opinions and suggestions aiming to provide reference for standard methodologist in revising and updating the standard method.

Analysis of on-site quality control assessment results of iodine content determination in edible salt in Zhengzhou City / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To analysis the on-site quality control assessment results of salt iodine content in Zhengzhou City,and to understand and master the actual professional abilities and level of grass-roots laboratory analyzers,and to search the problems and make improvement measures.Methods The total of 22 analyzers from 11 affiliated grass-roots laboratories of Zhengzhou City were gathered to take part in the on-site theoretical examination.The theoretical assessment was divided into five parts:measurement principle,application range,reagent preparation,key steps,and calculation formula of results.Parallel samples of standard materials were determinated in laboratory units,to evaluated operational skills,the problems during the process were recorded simultaneously.The content of the theoretical assessment and the rules for the assessment of on-site skills were based on the "Measurement of Iodine for the General Test Method of the Salt Industry" (GB/T 13025.7-2012).Results In the theoretical assessment,the correct rates of reagent preparation and key steps were 100％,and that of measurement principle,application range,and calculation formula of results were more than 80％.The main problems of operation skills were from liquid loading,sample weighing and titration operation,etc.One laboratory result of quality control sample exceeded the reference range and was judged to be unqualified.Conclusions The theoretical basis of some laboratory analyzers are not solid,the operational skills are lack of standardization.In view of the current situation,as the higher level technical guidance unit,it is necessary and responsible for us to formulate practical measures in training,guidance and assessment to help them improve business level and abilities.

Biosynthesis of (R)-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionic acid using whole recombinant Escherichia coli cells in an aqueous/n-octane biphasic system / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

(R)-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionic acid (PLA) is an ideal antimicrobial compound with broad-spectrum activity against a wide range of Gram-positive bacteria, some Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. We studied the bioconversion of phenylpyruvate (PPA) to PLA using whole recombinant Escherichia coli cells in a series of buffer/organic solvent systems. Octane was found to be the best organic solvent. The optimum volume ratio of the water phase to the n-octane phase, conversion temperature, substrate concentration, and cell concentration were 6:4, 40 °C, 12.5 g/L, and 30 g/L wet cells, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, the average PLA productivity in the aqueous/ n-octane system was 30.69% higher than that in the aqueous system, and 32.31 g/L PLA was obtained with the use of a stirred reactor (2-L scale). Taken together, our findings indicated that PLA biosynthesis was more efficient in an aqueous/n-octane biphasic system than in a monophasic aqueous system. The proposed biphasic system is an effective strategy for enhancing PLA yield and the biosynthesis of its analogues.

Research progress about molecular identification of DNA barcoding in medicinal animal / 中国中药杂志

The use of animal medicine has a long history in China, it has the characteristics of high curative effect,strong activity, wide application and great potential. However,the circulation of animal medicine in current market mixed counterfeit variety and complex. Molecular identification technology of DNA barcoding is an emerging molecular biotechnology in recent years, it is a powerful supplement to traditional identification methods. This method can well identify animal species at the molecular level and has high accuracy, it can identify animal medicines quickly and monitor the medicine market effectively. This article summarizes the research process of molecular identification of DNA barcoding, the application of DNA barcoding in medicinal animals identification in recent years, and the limitations of DNA barcoding technology.

Effects of Chinese traditional medicine-selected recipe Q0409 on ability of learning and memory in SAM-P/8 mice / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the effects of Chinese traditional medicine-selected recipe Q0409 on the ability of learning and memory in SAM-P/8 mice. METHODS:Total 91 mice (4-month-old SAM-P/8 mice, SAM-R/1 mice and Kunming mice) were used in the study, in which the male and female animals were labeled separately. According to the performance of Morris water maze test, the mice were divided into 5 groups randomly. The mice were fed with different drugs or distilled water for 60 d (from 4 months to 6 months). The mice were fed with the drugs from 61 d to 65 d, and 1 h later each time, the Morris water maze test was carried out. After this Morris test were finished at 65 d, the mice were killed immediately and their hippocampal tissues were isolated. Half of the hippocampal tissues were added with precooled normal saline and made into 10% (g/mL) homogenate for detecting the protein content and acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity. The other half was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded with paraffin for immunohistochemical staining of amyloid β-protein (Aβ). RESULTS:Compared with model group, the results of navigation training and spatial probe training in Morris water maze test were significantly improved (P<0.05), and the activity of AChE in the hippocampal ho-mogenate was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in Q0409 treatment group. No difference in Q0409 group was observed compared with control group and positive drug (huperzine A) group. Immunohistochemical staining showed no typical "se-nile plaques" in the male mice of Q0409 group, while there was shallower and smaller brown staining in the hippocampus of the female mice of Q0409 group. The positive area of Aβ deposition decreased in the CA1 area of hippocampal tissues in Q0409 group. These results were similar to those in positive drug group. CONCLUSION:Q0409 improves the ability of learning and memory in SAM-P/8 mice, which is related to the inhibition of AChE activity and the reduction of Aβ protein deposition in the hippocampus. The effects is similar to those of huperzine A.

Intracranial hemorrhage from metastatic CNS lymphoma: A case report and literature review

@#Metastatic brain lymphomas, which belong to secondary central nervous system lymphomas, usually originate from primary tumors of the bone marrow, testis, or orbit. Gastrointestinal lymphomas commonly metastasize to the lung or heart. We report here a case of brain hemorrhage due to metastasis from primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). A 30-year-old male presented with headache. He was diagnosed to have gastrointestinal lymphoma 6 months earlier, and treated with gastrointestinal surgery. Pathological diagnosis was DLBCL. A PET-CT scan immediately after gastrointestinal surgery demonstrated no brain metastasis. On admission to the ward, imaging of the brain showed right temporoparietal hematoma. In the ward, the patient deteriorated with impaired consciousness. Repeat brain imaging showed enlargement of the hematoma. He underwent right temporoparietal craniotomy for the removal of a hematoma, and tumor nodules adherent to the cortex was found. Pathology confirmed a metastatic DLBCL in the brain. Literature review showed that this was the first reported case of brain hemorrhage from metastatic lymphoma. Metastatic central nervous system lymphoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with a history of gastrointestinal lymphoma presenting with neurological symptoms.

Piloerection as the sole symptom of epilepsy: A case report and review of literature

Piloerection is an involuntary erection of body hairs that usually has physiological correlates such as cold or a strong emotional experience. Piloerection may also be a rare manifestation of seizure.Here, we report a case of 54-year-old man who experienced pilomotor seizures from temporal lobe epilepsy. The patient presented with sudden piloerection and no loss of consciousness many times a day. Magnetic resonance imagingof the brain showed threelesions in the right hemisphere, with the largest lesion in the right temporal lobe. A video-EEG showed an ictal discharge in the delta range with right temporal onset. Digital subtraction angiography excluded arteriovenous malformation. The lesion in the right temporal lobe was resected. Immunohistochemistry confirmed a cerebral cavernous malformation. There was no further seizure. A review of the published literature revealed that ictal piloerection as a lone manifestation is rare. Most cases of pilomotor seizure originate in the temporal lobe. Close to four fifth of the cases has a structural lesion. EEG was able to confirm the diagnosis of ictal piloerection in the majority of cases.

The effectiveness evaluation of three packing methods for controlling sterilization wet package of medical apparatus by using non-woven fabrics / 中国医学装备

Objective: To explore the drying effect of pressure steam sterilization under different packing planes of non-woven fabrics so as to avoid the phenomenon of wet packages. Methods: 600 apparatus packages that packed by using non-woven fabrics were divided into A group(the packaging plane of apparatus bag used convex shape, that the center was higher and the periphery was lower), B group(The packaging plane of apparatus bag used horizontal shape) and C group (The packaging plane of apparatus bag used concave shape, that the center was lower and the periphery was higher)as random number table. All of the three groups adopted same package (the inner package was cotton and the outside package used non-woven fabrics of double-deck). Through pressure steam of impulse vacuum to achieve sterilization, and then the wet package rates of three groups were compared. Results: The wet package rates of the three groups were 1%, 8.5% and 37.5%, respectively, and the differences of wet package rates among the three groups were statistically significant (x2=10.135, P<0.05). Conclusion: The wet package rate of A group was lower than that of B group and C group, respectively. Therefore, this method of A group can ensure drying effect and guarantee the safety of clinical use.

Absence of hemispatial neglect following right hemispherectomy in a 7-year-old girl with neonatal stroke

Neonatal stroke leads to cognitive deficits that may include hemispatial neglect. Hemispatial neglect is a syndrome after stroke that patients fail to be aware of stimuli on the side of space and body opposite a brain lesion. We report here a 7-year-old girl who suffered neonatal right brain stroke and underwent right hemispherectomy due to refractory epilepsy. Post-surgical observation of the child’s behavior and tests did not show any signs of hemispatial neglect. We concluded the spatial attention function of the child with neonatal stroke might be transferred to the contralateral side during early childhood.