Dietary management of gestational diabetes: A review.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common condition in pregnant women that can affect the health of both the mother and the fetus. A healthy diet reduces the risk of GDM, while on the contrary, an unhealthy diet can increase the risk of developing GDM. Dietary interventions remain an important way to control GDM at this time. However, real-life diets are complex and varied, and the effect of these diets on gestational diabetes is unknown. This article summarizes research related to dietary control of GDM. Hopefully, this will help with dietary interventions for people with GDM.

Information management of full-cycle inpatient bed reservation for cancer patients under the normalised prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: During the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals became focal points for normalised prevention and control. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of an inpatient bed reservation system for cancer patients that was developed in the department?s public WeChat account. We also explored its role in improving operational efficiency and nursing quality management, as well as in optimising nursing workforce deployment. METHODS: We utilised WeChat to facilitate communication between cancer patients and health care professionals. Furthermore, we collected data on admissions, discharges, average number of hospitalisation days, bed utilisation rate, and the number of bed days occupied by hospitalised patients through the hospital information system and nurses? working hours and competency levels through the nurse scheduling system. The average nursing hours per patient per day were calculated. Through the inpatient bed reservation system, the number of accepted admissions, denied admissions, and cancelled admissions from the reservation system were collected. The impact of the bed reservation system on the department?s operational efficiency was analysed by comparing the number of hospitalisation discharges before and after reservations, as well as the average hospitalisation and bed utilisation rates. By comparing nurses? working hours per month and average nursing hours per patient per day, the system?s impact on nurses? working hours and nursing quality indicators was analysed. RESULTS: The average hospitalisation length, bed utilisation rate, and nurses? working hours were significantly lower, and the average number of nursing hours per patient per day was significantly higher after the implementation of the reservation system. The full-cycle bed information management model for cancer patients did not affect the number of discharged patients. CONCLUSION: Patients? ability to reserve bed types from home in advance using the department?s official WeChat-based inpatient bed reservation system allowed nurses to prepare for their work ahead of time. This in turn improved the operational efficiency of the department and nursing quality, and it optimised the deployment of the nursing workforce.

Sensitive subcellular scale and real-time detection of hydrogen peroxide by a W-doped Pt microelectrode.

A W-doped Pt modified graphene oxide (Pt-W-GO) electrochemical microelectrode was developed to detect hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in real time at a subcellular scale. Interestingly, results showed that the concentration of H2O2 in the nucleus of HeLa cells was 2.68 times and 0.51 times that in the extracellular membrane and cytoplasm, respectively.

Study on the fourof Pfaffia glomerata based on the metabolomics technology and comparison of Dangshen () in the equivalent substitution prescription.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the four Qiof Pfaffia glomerata (PG) and endow this foreign folk herb with the properties of Chinese medicine, make it Chinese medicinal and localized, and could be used as a Chinese medicine. METHODS: The normal group, six cold herb groups, six hot herb groups, six cool herb groups, PG prescription group (PGPG), and Dangshen (Radix Codonopsis) prescription group (CPPG) were prepared with corresponding concentrations of water extracts, these herb extracts were administered by gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats, and the 12 h urine at night on the 29th day of the SD rats in each group were collected, Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer system was used to analyze them, the best discriminant models for the medicinal properties of cold-hot and cold-cool were set up, so as to the medicinal properties of PGPG, CPPG and PG were predicted. Based on the Progenesis QI, Human Metabolome Database, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, MetaboAnalyst 5.0 database, we enriched metabolic pathway and classification mechanism of medicinal properties of cold-cool Chinese herbs and the molecular mechanism of PG prescription. RESULTS: We established a best model of cold-hot herbal discrimination in the positive ion mode, then the probability that PGPG was predicted cold property was 88.9%. Furthermore, a model of cold-cool herbal discrimination was established, then the probability of PGPG containing the cool property was 77.8%. In addition, typical cold and cool herbs mainly affected nine biomarkers such as tyrosine-proline, (R)-3',7-Dihydroxy-2',4'-dimethoxyisoflavane in rats. The regulation trend of PGPG on markers was basically as same as the cool herbs and mainly involved in regulating the two pathways of cytochrome P450 and purine metabolism. CONCLUSION: The results showed PGPG had a cool medicinal property as same as CPPG, and the regulation trend of PGPG on markers was consistent with cool herbs. Therefore, the medicine properties PG and CP should be consistent, and the Traditional Chinese Medicine property of PG was predicted to be neutral.

Protective effect of modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction on immunoglobulin A nephropathy through toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the nephroprotective mechanism of modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction (, MHCD) in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) rats. METHODS: To establish the IgAN rat model, the bovine serum albumin, lipopolysaccharide, and carbon tetrachloride 4 method was employed. The rats were then randomly assigned to the control, model, telmisartan, and high-, medium-, and low-dose MHCD groups, and were administered the respective treatments via intragastric administration for 8 weeks. The levels of 24-h urinary protein, serum creatinine (CRE), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured in each group. Pathological alterations were detected. IgA deposition was visualized through the use of immunofluorescence staining. The ultrastructure of the kidney was observed using a transmission electron microscope. The expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) were examined by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) P65, were examined by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The 24-h urine protein level in each group increased significantly at week 6, and worsen from then on. But this process can be reversed by treatments of telmisartan, and high-, medium-, and low-dose of MHCD, and these treatments did not affect renal function. Telmisartan, and high-, and medium-dose of MHCD reduced IgA deposition. Renal histopathology demonstrated the protective effect of high-, medium-, and low-dose of MHCD against kidney injury. The expression levels of MCP-1, IL-6, and TGF-ß1 in kidney tissues were downregulated by low, medium and high doses of MHCD treatment. Additionally, treatment of low, medium and high doses of MHCD decreased the protein and mRNA levels of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS: MHCD exerted nephroprotective effects on IgAN rats, and MHCD regulated the expressions of key targets in TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby alleviating renal inflammation by inhibiting MCP-1, IL-6 expressions, and ameliorating renal fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-ß1 expression.

Dexamethasone-Loaded Lipid Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles Treat Experimental Colitis by Regulating Macrophage Polarization in Inflammatory Sites.

Background: The M1/M2 polarization of intestinal macrophages exerts an essential function in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), which can be adjusted to alleviate the UC symptoms. Purpose: A kind of pH-sensitive lipid calcium phosphate core-shell nanoparticles (NPs), co-loading with dexamethasone (Dex) and its water-soluble salts, dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Dsp), was constructed to comprehensively regulate macrophages in different states towards the M2 phenotype to promote anti-inflammatory effects. Methods: Dex and Dsp were loaded in the outer lipid shell and inner lipid calcium phosphate (Cap) core of the LdCaPd NPs, respectively. Then, the morphology of NPs and methods for determining drug concentration were investigated, followed by in vitro protein adsorption, stability, and release tests. Cell experiments evaluated the cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and macrophage polarization induction ability of NPs. The in vivo distribution and anti-inflammatory effect of NPs were evaluated through a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced BALB/c mice ulcerative colitis model. Results: The LdCaPd NPs showed a particle size of about 200 nm and achieved considerable loading amounts of Dex and Dsp. The in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that in the acidic UC microenvironment, the cationic lipid shell of LdCaPd underwent protonated dissociation to release Dex first for creating a microenvironment conducive to M2 polarization. Then, the exposed CaP core was further engulfed by M1 macrophages to release Dsp to restrict the pro-inflammatory cytokines production by inhibiting the activation and function of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) through activating the GC receptor and the NF kappa B inhibitor α (I-κBα), respectively, ultimately reversing the M1 polarization to promote the anti-inflammatory therapy. Conclusion: The LdCaPd NPs accomplished the sequential release of Dex and Dsp to the UC site and the inflammatory M1 macrophages at this site, promoting the regulation of macrophage polarization to accelerate the remission of UC symptoms.

Efficacy and safety of CM310 in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Atopic dermatitis (AD) affects approximately 10% of adults worldwide. CM310 is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-4 receptor alpha that blocks interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 signaling. This trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CM310 in Chinese adults with moderate-to-severe AD.@*METHODS@#This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial was conducted in 21 medical institutions in China from February to November 2021. Totally 120 eligible patients were enrolled and randomized (1:1:1) to receive subcutaneous injections of 300 mg CM310, 150 mg CM310, or placebo every 2 weeks for 16 weeks, followed by an 8-week follow-up period. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving ≥75% improvement in the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI-75) score from baseline at week 16. Safety and pharmacodynamics were also studied.@*RESULTS@#At week 16, the proportion of EASI-75 responders from baseline was significantly higher in the CM310 groups (70% [28/40] for high-dose and 65% [26/40] for low-dose) than that in the placebo group (20%[8/40]). The differences in EASI-75 response rate were 50% (high vs . placebo, 95% CI 31%-69%) and 45% (low vs . placebo, 95% CI 26%-64%), with both P values <0.0001. CM310 at both doses also significantly improved the EASI score, Investigator's Global Assessment score, daily peak pruritus Numerical Rating Scale, AD-affected body surface area, and Dermatology Life Quality Index compared with placebo. CM310 treatment reduced levels of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, total immunoglobulin E, lactate dehydrogenase, and blood eosinophils. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was similar among all three groups, with the most common TEAEs reported being upper respiratory tract infection, atopic dermatitis, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia. No severe adverse events were deemed to be attributed to CM310.@*CONCLUSION@#CM310 at 150 mg and 300 mg every 2 weeks demonstrated significant efficacy and was well-tolerated in adults with moderate-to-severe AD.

[Degradation of Ciprofloxacin by Activating Peroxymonosulfate with Sludge Biochar].

Sludge biochar(BC), which was prepared by the pyrolysis of waste-activated sludge at 450℃, was applied for peroxymonosulfate(PMS) activation to construct a BC/PMS system for ciprofloxacin(CIP) degradation. The physical and chemical properties of BC were studied using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), an energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS), a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR), X-ray diffraction(XRD), a Zeta potential analyzer, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy(EPR). The effects of BC dosage, PMS dosage, initial pH value, and inorganic anions on CIP removal in the BC/PMS system were investigated. Further, the degradation mechanism of the BC/PMS system was speculated through the free radical quenching experiment and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analysis. The results showed that the CIP degradation rate was 49.09% at a BC dosage of 1.0 g·L-1, PMS of 3.0 mmol·L-1, CIP of 20 mg·L-1, and pH of 6.0 in 120 min. SO42- and NO3- had no obvious effect on the removal of CIP in the BC/PMS system, whereas HCO3- and Cl-could inhibit CIP degradation significantly. The CIP removal in the BC/PMS system was attributed to the common function of the radical pathway dominated by ·OH and SO4-· and the non-radical pathway dominated by 1O2. The CIP degradation pathway mainly included piperazine ring opening and hydroxylation reaction.

[Network Meta-analysis of oral Chinese patent medicine in adjuvant treatment of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children].

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various oral Chinese patent medicines in the adjuvant treatment of rotavirus gastroenteritis(RVGE) in children based on network Meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trial(RCT) of oral Chinese patent medicine in the adjuvant treatment of RVGE in children was retrieved from the databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, and Web of Science from database inception to October 22, 2022. The quality of the included RCT was evaluated according to the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and the data were analyzed by RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16 software. Sixty-three RCTs were included, with 11 oral Chinese patent medicines involved, including Xingpi Yanger Granules, Weichang'an Pills, Qiuxieling Mixture, Erxieting Granules, and Changyanning Granules/Syrup. The results of the network Meta-analysis showed that in terms of clinical total effective rate, the top 3 optimal interventions were Changyanning Granules/Syrup, Xiaoer Guangpo Zhixie Oral Liquid, and Xiaoer Shuangjie Zhixie Granules combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of the anti-diarrheal time, the top 3 optimal interventions were Shenling Baizhu Granules, Qiuxieling Mixture, and Shuangling Zhixie Oral Liquid combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of the antiemetic time, the top 3 optimal interventions were Changyanning Granules/Syrup, Xingpi Yanger Granules, and Xiaoer Shuangjie Zhixie Granules combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of the antipyretic time, the top 3 optimal interventions were Shenling Baizhu Granules, Xiaoer Shuangjie Zhixie Granules, and Qiuxieling Mixture combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of the negative conversion rate of rotavirus, the top 3 optimal interventions were Xingpi Yanger Granules, Erxieting Granules, and Cangling Zhixie Oral Liquid combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of reducing creatine kinase isoenzyme MB(CK-MB) level, the top 3 optimal interventions were Weichang'an Pills, Xingpi Yanger Granules, and Xiaoer Shuangjie Zhixie Granules combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of adverse reactions, no se-rious adverse reactions were reported in all studies. Oral Chinese patent medicines in the adjuvant treatment of children with RVGE have their own advantages, Specifically, Changyanning Granules/Syrup + conventional western medicine focuses on improving the clinical total effective rate and shortening the antiemetic time, Shenling Baizhu Granules + conventional western medicine on shortening the anti-diarrheal time and antipyretic time, Xingpi Yanger Granules + conventional western medicine on improving the negative conversion rate of rotavirus, and Weichang'an Pills + conventional western medicine on reducing the CK-MB level. Limited by the quantity and quality of literature included in this study, the results need to be verified by high-quality RCT with a larger sample size.

Mucoadhesive Nanoparticles Enhance the Therapeutic Effect of Dexamethasone on Experimental Ulcerative Colitis by the Local Administration as an Enema.

Background: As the first-line drug to treat ulcerative colitis (UC), long-term use of glucocorticoids (GCs) produces severe toxic and side effects. Local administration as enema can increase the local GCs concentrations and reduce systemic exposure to high oral doses by directly delivering GCs to the inflammation site in the distal colorectum. However, UC patients are often accompanied by diarrhea, leading to the short colonic residence time of GCs and failure to exert their function fully. Purpose: A kind of mucoadhesive nanoparticles (NPs) loading different dexamethasone derivatives (DDs) were developed, which could attach to the positively charged inflammatory colonic mucosa through electrostatic adsorption after administered by enema, thereby improving the local concentration and achieving effective targeted therapy for UC. Methods: Two DDs, dexamethasone hemisuccinate and dexamethasone phosphate, were synthesized. In NPs preparation, The core PEI-DDs NPs were built by the electrostatic adsorption of DDs and the cationic polymer polyethyleneimine (PEI). Then, the natural polyanionic polysaccharide sodium alginate (SA) was electronically coated around NPs to construct the final SA-PEI-DDs NPs, followed by the in vitro stability and release tests, in vitro and in vivo colonic mucosal adhesion tests. In the in vivo anti-UC test, the experimental colitis mice were induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. The body weight and disease activity index changes were measured, and the myeloperoxidase activity, pro-inflammatory cytokines concentration, and hematoxylin and eosin staining were also investigated to evaluate the therapeutic effect of NPs. Results: The structures of two DDs were demonstrated by 1H-NMR and MS. Both NPs were negatively charged and achieved high loading efficiency of DDs, while their particle sizes were significantly different. NPs showed good stability and sustained release properties in the simulated colonic environment. Moreover, the negative charge on the of NPs surface made them easier to adhere to the positively charged inflammatory colonic mucosa, thereby enhancing the enrichment and retention of DDS in the colitis site. Furthermore, the NPs exhibited better therapeutic effects than free Dex on the experimental colitis mice induced by TNBS through the enema rectal. Conclusion: These results indicated the mucoadhesive NPs as a kind of novel nano-enema showed great potential to achieve efficient treatment on UC.

Adverse Psychological and Therapeutic Effects of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Use: A Systematic Review

@#Aims: This review aimed to comprehensively examine kratom’s therapeutic potential for treatment of mental health-related issues as well as any related benefits and risks. Design: Systematic review. Data sources: Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Medline. Review methods: Three authors carried out electronic search of articles published between 1950 to September 2022 through major databases for a duration of three months (from July to September 2022). Each author independently screened the literature for inclusion and exclusion criteria, the findings were then compared, discrepancies between authors were resolved, and the final selection of articles were reviewed. Results: A total of 46 articles were included in this review. A total of three in vitro and animal studies and five cross-sectional online surveys reported the therapeutic potential of kratom in opioid replacement therapy. In addition, a total of two animal studies and three cross-sectional online surveys highlighted the role of kratom as a potential antidepressant and anxiolytic. Contrastingly, two animal studies, 11 studies in human subjects, and 16 case reports documented the risk of kratom dependence, cravings, tolerance, and kratom-related substance use disorder as the major safety concern of implementing kratom use as a therapeutic agent. Conclusion and impact: In the absence of human clinical trial, coupled with various considerable adverse events of kratom (not limited to psychological side effects), evidence to support kratom as potential therapeutic use remains inconclusive.

A prospective multicenter clinical trial study of a domestic HeartCon third-generation magnetic and hydrodynamic levitation LVAD for the treatment of 50 cases of end-stage heart failure / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To analyze and evaluate the safety and efficacy of a Chinese domestically manufactured Heart Con-type implantable third-generation magnetic and hydrodynamic levitation left ventricular assist device(LVAD) for the treatment of end-stage heart failure(ESHF), by reporting the results of eleven-center clinical trial on 50 cases.Methods:This study was a multicenter clinical trial, designed by means of prospective, multicenter and single-group target value. 50 subjects with ESHF were competitively enrolled and treated with HeartCon as the LVAD in eleven centers. The primary efficacy measure was survival, defined as either the subjects experiencing the transition to heart transplantation(HT) or myocardial recovery assisted by the device within 90 days, or as successfully assisted by the LVAD for full 90 days after implantation. The target survival rate was 60%, other observations included implantation success rate, mortality, pump failure needing replacement or emergency heart transplantation.Results:All enrolled 50 patients received LVAD implantation successfully, 46 survived with the pump for 90 days, 1 patient transitioned to heart transplantation, and 3 patients experienced pump thrombosis, within which 2 patients underwent pump replacement and continued to live with the pump for 90 days, and the other one received emergency heart transplantation. There were no dropout subjects. The survival rate at full 90 days after HeartCon implantation was 100%. The survival rates with pump in the full set analysis and the protocol set analysis were 96.00% and 95.92% respectively, which were higher than the target value of 60%. The differences were both statistically significant( P<0.05). Conclusion:The results of the multicenter clinical trial with the largest sample size in China using domestically manufactured third-generation LVAD has demonstrated that, HeartCon is a safe and effective LVAD to treat ESHF patients.

CT features of gastric stromal tumors in predicting Ki-67 index expression / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) imaging feature of gastric stromal tumor (GST) in evaluating Ki-67 index expression .Methods:The clinical and CT imaging data of 501 patients with GST confirmed by surgery and pathology were retrospectively studied in Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University and the Affiliated TCM Hospital of Southwest Medical University from Nov 2014 to Nov 2021. By immunohistochemical results, tumors were divided into Ki-67 low expression group (Ki-67≤6%, 335 lesions) and high expression group (Ki-67>6%, 168 lesions). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted.Results:Between the two groups,there were statistical differences in the longest and shortest diameter of tumor, CT value on venous phase, CT attenuation value ( Z=4.80, 4.91, 3.21, 3.29, all P<0.01) and tumor location,morphology, necrosis, ulcer, feeding artery, vascular enhancement, positive fat sign around disease, gastrointestinal bleeding ( χ2=10.77, 13.49, 8.59, 22.87, 7.59, 7.23, 7.76, 8.58, all P<0.05). Tumor ulceration positive ( OR=1.88, 95%CI: 1.17-3.03) was independent risk factor of Ki-67 high expression ( P=0.009). Gastric antrum was used as the reference for tumor location, cardia ( OR=5.41, 95% CI:1.25-23.46) was independent risk factor of Ki-67 high expression ( P=0.024). Conclusion:MSCT has a definite predictive value for the expression in Ki-67 index of GST cases.

Short-Term Changes of Graft Viscosity after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the short-term variation patterns of graft viscosity after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery. Methods Six male New Zealand rabbits were selected. The ACLR animal model of unilateral knee was made with Achilles tendon as the graft. The experimental rabbits were euthanized 15 days after ACLR surgery, with removal of the graft, healthy anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and Achilles tendon. The cross-sectional area and viscosity coefficient of the graft were measured, and the creep experiments were carried out under equilibrium conditions of 0.1 MPa and 1 MPa, respectively. The viscosity coefficent was calculated. Variation patterns of graft viscosity were summarize. The grafts were compared with healthy ACL. Results The cross-sectional area of the graft increased slowly within 15 days after ACLR surgery. The viscosity of ACL and graft changed nonlinearly. The viscosity coefficient was quite different under different stresses. The viscosity coefficient of the graft decreased with the time after ACLR surgery, which was more obviously under the condition of low stress. Conclusions The results are helpful to guide the implementation of early postoperative rehabilitation plan after ACLR surgery .

Protective Effect of Shentong Zhuyutang-containing Serum on Chondrocytes in Rats with Knee Osteoarthritis Based on AMPK/Sirt1 Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of Shentong Zhuyutang-containing serum against oxidative stress and apoptosis in chondrocytes of rats with knee osteoarthritis （KOA）. MethodFifty male rats were orally administered with normal saline， low-， medium-， and high-dose Shentong Zhuyutang （1.73， 3.46， 6.92 g·kg-1）， and glucosamine sulfate （0.3 g·kg-1） for two weeks. Serum samples were collected after the treatment period. The KOA model was established， and chondrocytes were isolated and randomly divided into normal group， model group， low-， medium-， and high-dose Shentong Zhuyutang-containing serum groups， and glucosamine sulfate group. During the chondrocyte culture， adenosine monophosphate （AMP）-activated protein kinase （AMPK） inhibitor Compound C （10 μmol·L-1） was added， and the cells were divided into normal group， model group， Shentong Zhuyutang-containing serum group， and Compound C + Shentong Zhuyutang-containing serum group. Cell proliferation was detected using 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine （EdU） staining. Apoptosis was determined using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL）. Reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels were measured using DCFH-DA probe. Glutathione （GSH） and malondialdehyde （MDA） levels were determined using the colorimetric method. Real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR） was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-3 （MMP-3）， MMP-13， type Ⅱ collagen （Col Ⅱ）， and Aggrecan. Western blot was performed to measure the protein expression of phosphorylated （p）-AMPK and silent information regulator factor 1 （Sirt1）. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed a significant decrease in chondrocyte proliferation rate， GSH activity， Col Ⅱ and Aggrecan mRNA expression， p-AMPK and Sirt1 protein levels （P<0.01）， and increased ROS levels， MDA content， TUNEL-positive cell rate， and MMP-3 and MMP-13 mRNA expression （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Shentong Zhuyutang-containing serum increased the number of EdU-positive cells， GSH activity， Col Ⅱ and Aggrecan mRNA expression， p-AMPK and Sirt1 protein levels in KOA rat chondrocytes （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and decreased the TUNEL-positive cell rate， ROS levels， MDA content， MMP-3 and MMP-13 mRNA expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the Shentong Zhuyutang-containing serum group， the Compound C + Shentong Zhuyutang-containing serum group showed significantly reduced p-AMPK and Sirt1 protein expression， GSH activity， Col Ⅱ and Aggrecan mRNA levels （P<0.01）， and increased TUNEL-positive cell rate， ROS levels， MDA content， MMP-3 and MMP-13 mRNA levels （P<0.01）. ConclusionShentong Zhuyutang-containing serum attenuates oxidative damage and reduces apoptosis in chondrocytes of rats with KOA， and its protective effect may be associated with the activation of the AMPK/Sirt1 signaling pathway.

Design and application of auxiliary system for drug distribution in outpatient pharmacy / 药学实践杂志

Objective To construct the auxiliary system of outpatient drug distribution, reduce errors and improve the quality of outpatient pharmaceutical service. Methods The bar code technology was used to independently develop outpatient pharmacy dispensing assistant system. The system design and function are introduced. The practical application effect of the system was evaluated on dispensing errors, efficiency and pharmacist evaluation. Results Based on the special network environment of the hospital, the system integrated the functions of drug check, prescription right management, expiration date management and medication instruction. After using the system, the number of dispensing errors decreased from 84 to 25. The waiting time for patients to receive medicine decreased by 151 seconds. All pharmacists surveyed agreed that auxiliary system was helpful to pharmacists’ work. Conclusion The system reduced the medication dispensing error in outpatient pharmacy, improved work efficiency and the quality of pharmaceutical care.

Effects of individualized treatment of contralateral patent processus vaginalis during laparoscopic high ligation of processus vaginalis / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To explore the rational management of contralateral patent processus vaginalis (CPPV) in laparoscopic high ligation of processus vaginalis. 【Methods】 A total of 300 children with unilateral oblique inguinal hernia/hydrocele who received laparoscopic high ligation of processus vaginalis in Baoding Children’s Hospital during Jun.2018 and Jun.2022 were selected and divided into two groups by random number table method, with 150 in either group. In the control group, 53 cases of CPPV were found intraoperatively, which were treated simultaneously. In the study group, 58 cases of CPPV were detected, among which 11 met the indications of high ligation and received simultaneous surgical treatment. The incidence of recurrence was compared between the two groups. 【Results】 After 1 year of follow-up, the recurrence rate was 8.62% in the study group and 1.88% in the control group (P>0.05). The detection rate of CPPV was 23.02% in children with unilateral inguinal hernia, significantly lower than that in children with unilateral hydrocele (49.07%, P<0.001). The detection rate of CPPV was 42.71% in children with left patent processus vaginalis and 32.95% in children with right patent processus vaginalis (P=0.19). The detection rate of CPPV was 62.93% in the age group of 1-2 years, significantly higher than that in other age groups (P<0.001). 【Conclusion】 The incidence of CPPV conversion into oblique inguinal hernia or hydrocele is low. Only children who meet the indications can be treated at the same time during surgery.

The Regulation of Expression and Activity of Glucose Transporter 1 / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Glucose transporters (GLUTs) encoded by the solute carrier family 2 (SLC2) gene belong to the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) and are responsible for the transmembrane transport of glucose in the body. As the earliest discovered member of the GLUTs, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is mainly found in the blood-brain barrier and erythrocyte membrane, and plays an important role in maintaining stable blood glucose concentration and energy supply to the brain. The transmembrane transport capacity of GLUT1 is not only related to the gene expression of SLC2 A1 on the cellular membrane, but also to the transport kinetic regulation of GLUT1. Generally, SLC2 A1 expression is regulated at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels, and the transport kinetics regulation includes a series of GLUT1 inhibitors, such as intramembrane glycan-binding site inhibitor, extramembrane glycan-binding site inhibitor, adenosine-binding effect inhibitors and the highly selective inhibitor BAY-876. SLC2 A1 gene deletions and mutations can cause embryonic mortality and GLUT1 deficiency syndrome. In contrast, abnormally high SLC2 A1 expression is associated with various diabetic complications (e. g. diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy), neurocognitive impairment and tumorigenesis. In this paper, the structure, function, expression and activity regulation of GLUT1 and its relationship with diseases were reviewed to provide a reference for the GLUT1-related clinical research and drug development.

Dexmedetomidine improving complete Freund's adjuvant-induced anxiety-like and depression-like behaviour by promoting the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-tyrosin kinase receptor B in mice hippocampus / 解剖学报

Objective To study the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX), an α2- adrenoceptor agonist, on the pain-related anxiety-like and depression-like behaviour induced by complete Freund' s adjuvant (CFA) injection and its possible regulatory mechanism. Methods Thirty-six ICR female mice were randomly divided into normal saline (NS) group, CFA group and DEX + CFA group, n = 12 for each group. Chronic inflammatory pain model was established by subcutaneous injection of 10 μl CFA into the right hind limb of mice. DEX + CFA group mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0.025 mg/kg DEX 30 minutes before nociceptive behavior test, and once a day for 7 days. Von-frey fiber was used to evaluate the threshold of mechanical pain in mice, n = 12 for each group. The anxiety-like behavior of mice were detected by open field test, n = 12 for each group. Sucrose preference, tail suspension test and forced swimming test were used to detected the depression-like behavior of mice, n = 12 for each group. The expression of adrenergic receptor β2 (ADRB2), Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine kinase B receptor (TrkB), and glutamate receptors 1 (GluR1) and GluR2 were detected by Western blotting, n = 8 for each group. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of recombinant doublecortin(DCX), which is a marker of newborn neurons in the hippocampus, n = 4 for each group. Results Compared with the NS group, the mechanical threshold of mice on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after CFA injection decreased significantly (P 0.05). Compared with the NS group, the time spent in the inner ares (P<0.01), number of entering the central grid area (P<0.01) and distance travelled in the inner area (P<0.01) of CFA group mice reduced significantly, while the time (P<0.01), numbers (P < 0.05) and distance (P < 0.05) of DEX + CFA group mice entering the central grid area enhanced significantly. The result of depression-like behavior tests showed that the sucrose preference percentage (P < 0.05) reduced significantly in CFA group when compared with NS group, and the immobility time increased significantly in tail suspension test (P<0.01) and forced swimming test (P< 0.001) in CFA mice when compared with NS group, while DEX intervention could significantly increase the sucrose preference scores (P<0.05) and decreased the immobility time in tail suspension test (P<0.05) and forced swimming test (P<0.05). The result of Western blotting showed that compared with the NS group, the levels of ADRB2 (P<0.0010), BDNF (P < 0.001), TrkB (P < 0.01), GluR1 (P < 0.001) and GluR2 (P < 0.001) in the hippocampus of CFA group were significantly decreased, while DEX intervention could significantly increase the expression of ADRB2 (P<0.05), BDNF (P < 0.001), TrkB (P < 0.001), GluR1 (P < 0.001) and GluR2 (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical result showed that compared with the NS group, the average absorbance (AA) of DCX decreased significantly in hippocampus of CFA group (P<0.05), but increased significantly in DEX+CFA group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine may promote hippocampal neurogenesis through upregulated the expression of BDNF-TrkB, thus improving CFA-induced anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors in mice.

The protective effect of hesperidin on cardiac and renal tissue damage in DOCA/Salt hypertensive rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the protective effect of hesperidin (HES) on cardiorenal damage induced by DOCA/Salt hypertension and the underlying mechanisms. Methods Eighteen male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group (Ctrl), model group (DOCA/Salt), and DOCA/Salt with hesperidin group (DOCA/Salt + HES). HES was administered for four weeks. Blood pressure, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were measured. The pathological changes in heart and kidney were examined by HE, Masson and Sirius red staining. The expression of α-SMA, collagen I and TGF-β were detected by Western blot. The mRNA levels of Nlrp3, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and NOXs were measured using qRT-PCR. Results Compared with the model group, HES administration significantly attenuated the occurrence of DOCA/Salt hypertension, improved renal function indicators of hypertensive rats, reduced renal and cardiac fibrosis, deduced the expression of α-SMA, collagen I and TGF-β, inhibited the expression of Nlrp3, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and decreased the expression of NOXs in renal and cardiac tissues. Conclusions HES can delay the occurrence of hypertension and protect against hypertension-induced renal and cardiac tissue damage, which may be related to the reduction of inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress by HES.