RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) and early brain injury are major causes of morbidity and mortality following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We investigated the efficiency of human tissue kallikrein (HTK) to prevent CVS in a rabbit model of SAH. METHODS: Forty-eight Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n = 12 each): control (sham-operated), SAH, SAH + phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, vehicle), and SAH + HTK. Basilar artery (BA) diameters were measured by three-dimensional computed tomography angiography at three time points. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were assayed 24 h before and 5 and 7 days after SAH. After the last measurement, the animals were killed, and endothelial cell apoptosis was assessed. Bax and Bcl-2 levels in the BA were measured by western blotting. RESULTS: HTK was found to significantly reduce CVS following SAH in rabbits. Inverse changes were observed in ET-1 and NO levels in the CSF collected from the SAH group. HTK increased levels of NO, which has a vasodilatory effect, but did not affect levels of ET-1, which has a vasoconstrictive effect. CTA revealed that HTK treatment significantly increased BA diameter. Moreover, HTK treatment reduced the number of apoptotic cells following SAH, presumably by increasing and decreasing Bcl-2 and Bax expression, respectively. CONCLUSION: HTK ameliorated CVS and inhibited apoptosis in the BA in a rabbit model of SAH.
Assuntos
Coagulantes/uso terapêutico , Calicreínas/uso terapêutico , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/complicações , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/tratamento farmacológico , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/etiologia , Animais , Artéria Basilar/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Basilar/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Endotelina-1/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Marcação In Situ das Extremidades Cortadas , Exame Neurológico , Óxido Nítrico/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Coelhos , Radiografia , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Tomógrafos Computadorizados , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/patologiaRESUMO
Objective To investigate the quality of life (QOL) of the primary caregivers of children with autism and find the influencing factors.Methods 163 caregivers of children with autism were assessed with short form 36 health survey questionnaire(SF-36) in Chinese,and the data were analyzed by correlation.Results The QOL of the caregivers was injured in many fields.The scores of the eight dimensions of SF-36 were listed respectively as:physical functioning (PF) 84.69 ± 16.39,role limitation due to physical health (RP) 28.87 ± 22.85,bodily pain (BP) 64.72 ± 21.85,general health perception (GH) 50.06 ± 21.80,vitality (VT) 42.79 ± 23.42,social functioning (SF) 52.76 ± 25.46,role limitations due to emotional problems (RE) 32.10 ± 22.27,mental health (MH) 46.17 ± 24.43.The QOL of the primary caregiver was closely related to the caregiver's age,educational level,the family economical situation and time of caring (P ＜ 0.01),and also related to the children's age,autism procedure (P＜0.05).There was no relationship betwecn the QOL and the children's gender,time of participating in rehabilitation training,whether the only child or not,type of medical expense,the caregiver's gender,nationality,marital status,religion,relation with the children,and the family residence.Conclusions The QOL of the primary caregivers of children with autism is affected seriously,and should be intervened accordingly.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the level of caregiver burden of primary caregivers of children with autism,and explore the factors related to caregiver burden.Methods 177 caregivers of children with autism were tested with caregiver burden inventory(CBI) and childhood autism rating scale(CARS).A cross-sectional and multisite study design was used.ResultsThe scores of caregiver burden was ( 57.50 ± 14.91 ),and time-dependence burden and developmental burden were the most serious domains.Caregiver burden was affected by caregiver's age,caregiver's religious beliefs,caregiver's marital status,caregiver employment status and education degree and children's scores of CARS and degree of CARS( -0.151 ≤ r ≤0.282,P＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionThe data suggest that community care workers should pay attention to caregivers of children with autism and give them personalized health education and intervention according to the demographic characteristics of the caregivers and the severity of children disease.
