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1.
J. healthc. qual. res ; 35(4): 245-252, jul.-ago. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-193485

RESUMO

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO: Durante la pandemia COVID-19 se ha producido un aumento de la demanda de mascarillas por parte de profesionales sanitarios y de la población general. En este contexto, se hace necesario sintetizar las características y las indicaciones de uso de los distintos tipos de mascarillas existentes. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se consultaron y recopilaron las diferentes recomendaciones difundidas por instituciones de reconocido prestigio, como la Organización Mundial de la Salud, The European Centre for Disease Prevention, The Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine o el Ministerio de Sanidad del Gobierno de España. RESULTADOS: Las instituciones consultadas aconsejan reservar las mascarillas filtering face piece (FFP) para el personal sanitario, especialmente en la realización de procedimientos generadores de aerosoles (PGA) (protección mínima de FFP2), y plantean posibles sistemas de reutilización durante épocas de escasez. Asimismo, se recomienda el uso de mascarillas quirúrgicas en profesionales que no realicen PGA y en población sintomática, existiendo variación en las indicaciones de uso para población general sana. CONCLUSIÓN: En situaciones de escasez de equipos de protección individual por pandemia de COVID-19 se debe establecer una priorización y racionalización de uso de cada tipo de mascarilla en función del usuario y de la actividad a realizar


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand of masks has been increased by health professionals and the general population. In this context, it is necessary to summarize the features and indications of the different types of masks. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To consult and to compile the different recommendations disseminated by prestigious institutions such as the World Health Organization, the European Center for Disease Prevention, the Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, or the Ministry of Health of the Government of Spain has been reviewed. RESULTS: The institutions consulted recommend reserving FFP respirators for healthcare workers, especially when carrying out aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) (minimum FFP2 protection) and consider some reutilization systems during times of scarcity. The use of surgical masks is recommended to professionals who do not perform AGPs and to the symptomatic population but exist variations in its indications intended for the general healthy population. CONCLUSION: In the context of shortage of personal protective equipment due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a prioritization and rationalization of the use of each type of mask should be established according to the user and the activity performed


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/prevenção & controle , Máscaras/normas , Ventiladores Mecânicos/normas , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/métodos , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/patogenicidade , Pandemias/estatística & dados numéricos , Precauções Universais/métodos , Máscaras/classificação
2.
J Healthc Qual Res ; 35(4): 245-252, 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32680724

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand of masks has been increased by health professionals and the general population. In this context, it is necessary to summarize the features and indications of the different types of masks. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To consult and to compile the different recommendations disseminated by prestigious institutions such as the World Health Organization, the European Center for Disease Prevention, the Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, or the Ministry of Health of the Government of Spain has been reviewed. RESULTS: The institutions consulted recommend reserving FFP respirators for healthcare workers, especially when carrying out aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) (minimum FFP2 protection) and consider some reutilization systems during times of scarcity. The use of surgical masks is recommended to professionals who do not perform AGPs and to the symptomatic population but exist variations in its indications intended for the general healthy population. CONCLUSION: In the context of shortage of personal protective equipment due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a prioritization and rationalization of the use of each type of mask should be established according to the user and the activity performed.


Assuntos
Betacoronavirus , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Guias como Assunto , Máscaras/normas , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Dispositivos de Proteção Respiratória/normas , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Contaminação de Equipamentos , Reutilização de Equipamento/normas , Filtração/instrumentação , Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos , Higiene/normas , Máscaras/classificação , Máscaras/provisão & distribuição , Equipamento de Proteção Individual/normas , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Espanha/epidemiologia
4.
Nutr. hosp ; 32(3): 1056-1060, sept. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-142467

RESUMO

Introducción: en estos últimos años, paralelamente a la epidemia de obesidad, se ha producido un aumento de las dislipemias en la población pediátrica. En estas dislipemias es posible que los triglicéridos sanguíneos también tengan un papel importante. Los esteroles vegetales se han mostrado eficaces en el tratamiento de la hipercolesterolemia, pero no de la hipertrigliceridemia. Nuestro objetivo en este estudio es determinar la eficacia de la leche enriquecida en fitoesteroles para la disminución de la hipertrigliceridemia en la población infantil. Población y método: se diseñó un ensayo clínico, controlado, aleatorizado, y doble ciego, con leche desnatada enriquecida con esteroles vegetales y leche desnatada no enriquecida. Se incluyeron 67 pacientes pediátricos. Resultados: tras la ingesta observamos diferencias en la trigliceridemia final entre la leche desnatada enriquecida con esteroles vegetales y la leche desnatada no enriquecida con esteroles. El efecto atribuible a la ingesta de la leche enriquecida con fitosteroles vegetales fue de una disminución de 5,88 mg/dl. Conclusión: concluimos que la leche enriquecida con esteroles vegetales (2,24 gr de esteroles vegetales al día) podría constituir una estrategia adecuada para el tratamiento de la hipertrigliceridemia en pacientes pediátricos (AU)


Introduction: in the last few years, as the rate of childhood obesity has been rising, there has been a parallel increase in the incidence of dislipemia in the pediatric population, in which blood triglycerids might play an important role. Plant sterols have been shown to be useful in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, but not of hypertrygliceridemia. Our study focusses on determining the efficacy of phytosterol-supplemented milk for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in children. Study Population and Method: we designed a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial on 67 pediatric patients. The treatment group received low-fat, phytosterol-supplemented milk and the control group received low-fat conventional milk. Results: we observed differences in triglyceridemia between the phytosterol-supplemented group and the non-supplemented group. The effect attributable to the intake of milk supplemented with plant sterols was a reduction of triglyceridemia of 5.88 mg/dl compared with the control group. Conclusion: we conclude that phytosterol-supplemented milk (2.24 gr of plant sterols daily) might be an adequate tool in the management of hypertriglyceridemia in pediatric patients (AU)


Assuntos
Criança , Humanos , Alimentos Fortificados , Leite , Fitosteróis/uso terapêutico , Hipertrigliceridemia/dietoterapia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Terapia Nutricional/métodos
5.
Nutr Hosp ; 32(3): 1056-60, 2015 Sep 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26319820

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: in the last few years, as the rate of childhood obesity has been rising, there has been a parallel increase in the incidence of dislipemia in the pediatric population, in which blood triglycerids might play an important role. Plant sterols have been shown to be useful in the tratment of hypercholesterolemia, but not of hypertrygliceridemia. Our study focusses on determining the efficacy of phytosterol-supplemented milk for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in children. Study Population and Method: we designed a double- blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial on 67 pediatric patients. The treatment group received low-fat, phytosterol-supplemented milk and the control group received low-fat conventional milk. RESULTS: we observed differences in triglyceridemia between the phytosterol-supplemented group and the non-supplemented group. The effect attributable to the intake of milk supplemented with plant sterols was a reduction of triglyceridemia of 5.88 mg/dl compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: we conclude that phytosterol-supplemented milk (2.24 gr of plant sterols daily) might be an adequate tool in the management of hypertriglyceridemia in pediatric patients.


Introducción: en estos últimos años, paralelamente a la epidemia de obesidad, se ha producido un aumento de las dislipemias en la población pediátrica. En estas dislipemias es posible que los triglicéridos sanguíneos también tengan un papel importante. Los esteroles vegetales se han mostrado eficaces en el tratamiento de la hipercolesterolemia, pero no de la hipertrigliceridemia. Nuestro objetivo en este estudio es determinar la eficacia de la leche enriquecida en fitoesteroles para la disminución de la hipertrigliceridemia en la población infantil. Población y método: se diseñó un ensayo clínico, controlado, aleatorizado, y doble ciego, con leche desnatada enriquecida con esteroles vegetales y leche desnatada no enriquecida. Se incluyeron 67 pacientes pediátricos. Resultados: tras la ingesta observamos diferencias en la trigliceridemia final entre la leche desnatada enriquecida con esteroles vegetales y la leche desnatada no enriquecida con esteroles. El efecto atribuible a la ingesta de la leche enriquecida con fitosteroles vegetales fue de una disminución de 5,88 mg/dl. Conclusión: concluimos que la leche enriquecida con esteroles vegetales (2,24 gr de esteroles vegetales al día) podría constituir una estrategia adecuada para el tratamiento de la hipertrigliceridemia en pacientes pediátricos.


Assuntos
Produtos Fermentados do Leite , Dieta com Restrição de Gorduras , Suplementos Nutricionais , Hipercolesterolemia/dietoterapia , Fitosteróis , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Hipercolesterolemia/sangue , Hipertrigliceridemia/sangue , Hipertrigliceridemia/dietoterapia , Masculino , Resultado do Tratamento , Triglicerídeos/sangue
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