Establishment of Normative data for Monaural Recordings of Auditory Brainstem Response and its Application in Screening Patients with Hearing Loss: A Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVES: To establish normative data required for recording Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) using monaural stimulations in children with normal hearing. METHODS: This study was conducted on 40 apparently healthy children. Database was collected after assessing with otological questionnaire, otoscopic examination and audiometric evaluation. Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA) was used as a tool for establishment of normative data. ABR recordings by monaural presentation were obtained by following the standard test protocol given by Hall. RESULTS: ABR parameters like Absolute latencies, amplitudes, amplitude ratios, Inter- peak latencies and thresholds were assessed for their normative values which are required to establish a baseline data. The Interaural latency difference was less than 0.2 ms (milliseconds) and was found to be normal limit. Mean values of absolute latencies for left ear were1.66 ms 3.68 ms and 5.64 ms respectively and for right ear these were 1.66 ms, 3.65 ms and 5.59 ms respectively. Mean values for amplitude of wave I and V for left ear were 0.32 uV and 0.41 uV respectively. For right values were 0.31 uV and 0.36 uV respectively. Mean values of amplitude ratio (V/I) for left and right ears were 1.81 and 1.74 respectively. Mean values of interpeak latencies of wave I-III, III-V, I-V were 2.02 ms, 2.02 ms and 3.92 ms respectively for left ear and for right ear values were 2.04 ms, 1.98 ms and 4.03 ms respectively. Mean values for left and right ear hearing threshold was 25.25 dBnHL. CONCLUSION: ABR parameters shows variation in values depending upon age, myelination process, maturation of auditory pathway, environmental factors, laboratory setup etc. Hence it is concluded that each laboratory should have its own normative data which can be used as a baseline data for screening of patients with hearing loss.

Correlation between glycated haemoglobin and glucose testing for diabetes mellitus screening.

Hemoglobin A1C is used to screen and diagnose diabetes but measurement of glucose in the blood is subject to several limitations, many of which are not widely appreciated. Blood glucose testing should be taken into consideration before taking the patient to be diabetic on the basis of abnormal HbA1c values.

Cardio respiratory changes associated with graded exercise and determination of aerobic power in male medical students (18-19 years).

The data from the study reveals the normal cardiopulmonary responses in untrained subjects (18-19 yrs) and their aerobic power. Fifty male medical students in the given age group were selected for the study. They were subjected to moderate, predetermined, graded exercise on a bicycle ergograph and parameters like heart-rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate were recorded at rest, just after exercise and during recovery. VO2 max or aerobic power was calculated from Astrand's nomogram after determining work rate. Heart-rate, systolic blood pressure, double-product and respiratory rate rose linearly with increasing grades of exercise, while diastolic blood pressure recorded a fall. Aerobic power was found to be 2.10 litres/min in 18 years age group and 2.07 litres/min in 19 years category. The determination of aerobic power or VO2 max gives an idea of the capacity and regulation of O2 transporting system and also sets a norm in assessing physical fitness.