RESUMO
Urinary bladder carcinoma is a disease of the elderly and often presents at an advanced stage due to ignorance and manifestation of symptoms at later stages of the disease. In India, very little data is available regarding the clinico-epidemiological pattern of urinary bladder cancers. In this study, we analysed the clinico-demographic profile of patients with urinary bladder carcinoma, attending a tertiary care centre in Eastern India over the last 5 years. We analysed the database of Oncology OPD of a tertiary care centre in West Bengal in Eastern India and collected the demographic, clinical and treatment data of urinary bladder carcinoma patients who attended our OPD between 2017 and 2021. The objective was to assess the demographic and clinical profile of these patients and compare them with those reported from other parts of India as well as the rest of the world. Majority of patients (70%) were above 50 years of age with a strikingly huge male predominance (male:female = 6.6:1). Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) was the most common (90%) histology. 67.2% of the cases were muscle-invasive disease at presentation, and 19.3% of the patients presented with metastatic disease with bone (42%) as the most common site of metastasis. Overall, around 22% of patients underwent surgery either with definitive or palliative intent. Sixty-five percent of the patients who received radiotherapy underwent definitive radiation as a part of bladder preservation protocol. Thirty-five percent of all patients received chemotherapy; most of them (50.5%) received chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment before definitive therapy. To conclude, it can be said that this study is one of its first from Eastern India and will act as a stepping stone for future studies concentrating on clinico-epidemiological profile, early diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma urinary bladder.
RESUMO
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a diverse group of malignant mesenchymal neoplasm.But, due to their low prevalence, very little data is available worldwide as well as in India regarding their clinico-epidemiological pattern.In this study we analysed the clinico-demographic profile of STS patients attending a tertiary care centre of Eastern India over the last 5 years. We analyzed the prospectively maintained database of a tertiary care centre of West Bengal in Eastern India, and collected the data regarding the demography, clinical profile, pathology and treatment of STS patients who attended our OPD between 2017-2021. The objective was to assess the demographic and clinical data of STS patients of Eastern India and compare it with those of the reported literature from rest of the country as well as outside world. Most of the cases (27%) were between 41-50 years of age group with a slight male predominance (Male: Female = 1.01:1). Spindle cell sarcoma was the most common (24.3%) histology followed by undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (15%) and extremities were the most common site of involvement (47.7%). 71% patients presented with stage III and advanced disease.81% patients underwent radical surgery,14% patient received neo-adjuvant and 60% received adjuvant radiotherapy.91% patients received systemic chemotherapy. To conclude, this study is one of its first from Eastern India and will act as a stepping stone for future studies concentrating on clinico-epidemiological profile, early diagnosis and treatment of STS.
RESUMO
Basaloid tumors comprise a wide spectrum of benign and malignant tumors like basal cell carcinoma, seborrheic keratosis, pilomatricoma, basosquamous carcinoma, trichoblastoma, and cylindroma. Among them, basal cell carcinoma is the most common type which constitutes about 90% of all malignant skin tumor. This study was aimed at analyzing the clinico-pathological profile of basaloid skin tumors attending radiotherapy and surgery OPD of our institution and compares them with those of the reported literature from rest of the country as well as outside world. All cases of basaloid skin tumors presented at radiotherapy, surgery, and dermatology OPD between January 2020 and June 2021 with or without a histological diagnosis were evaluated. Those without a histological diagnosis underwent biopsy and categorized according to standard histological criteria. After histological confirmation, we collected demographic, clinical, and pathological data of the cases. Among 106 patients analyzed, 54.7% (58) cases were diagnosed as basal cell carcinoma followed by seborrheic keratosis (17.9%), pilomatricoma (13.2%), basosquamous carcinoma (9.4%), trichoblastoma (2.8%), and cylindroma (1.8%). Mean age of presentation was 57.03 (± 7.435) years, and head-neck region was the most common site of involvement for basal cell carcinoma. Twenty-two cases required immunohistochemical assessment for confirmation of diagnosis. To conclude, this study is one of its first from Eastern India and will act as a stepping stone for future studies concentrating on clinico-pathological profile, early diagnosis and treatment of basaloid skin tumors.
RESUMO
NAC gene family regulates diverse aspects of plant growth and developmental processes. The NAC DNA binding domains together with cis-acting elements play inter-related roles in regulating gene expression. In this study, an in silico approach for genome wide analysis of NAC gene in Oryza sativa japonica lead to an identification of 11 NAC genes, distributed over 12 chromosomes. A detailed analysis of phylogenetic relationship, motifs, gene structure, duplication patterns, positive-selection pressure and cis-elements of 11 OsNAC genes were performed. Three pairs of NAC genes with a high degree of homology in terminal nodes were observed and were inferred to be paralogous pairs. One conserved NAC domain was analyzed in all the NAC proteins. Only one gene was studied to be intronless and the majority had 2 introns. Segmental gene duplication pattern was predominant in 11 NAC genes. Ka/Ks ratio of 3 pairs of segmentally duplicated gene was substantially lower than 1, suggesting that the OsNAC sequences are under strong purifying selection pressure. NAC74 and NAC71 gene showed the maximum responsiveness for several factors. The paralogous genes, NAC2 and NAC67 were found to have maximum mya values, respectively. They showed maximum difference amongst themselves in all the categories of responsiveness. Responsiveness towards abscisic acid was observed to be absent in NAC67, but present in NAC2, while responsiveness to meristem inducibility was observed to remain absent in NAC2 but present in NAC67. These results would provide a platform for the future identification and analysis of NAC genes in Oryza sativa japonica.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
