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1.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot ; 111(5): 301-308, 2018.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30950593

RESUMO

Aedes aegypti is a mosquito that has been known in Congo for decades. It has always been involved in the transmission of some arboviruses. Ae. albopictus is an invasive species native from Asia. Its presence was reported in Congo in 2009. The proliferation of Ae. albopictus, especially in Brazzaville, in association with Ae. aegypti, have increased the risk of arbovirus transmission. The distribution and bio-ecology of these two species remain poorly studied. We undertook entomological investigations to determine the bio-ecological factors that may influence the abundance and distribution of the two species in two districts of Brazzaville. Collection of immature stages was carried out during the survey of breeding sites. In addition, adults were captured twice a day (morning and evening) during 8 collection sessions in dwellings. The results show that both species have the same distribution and share the same ecological sites. Their activity is essentially diurnal with nocturnal intrusion. They are more exophagous than endophagous. Domestic and peri-domestic sites, especially tires and water storage containers, are the most productive breeding sites. The biting activity has two peaks: one at the end of morning and the other at the end of afternoon. Both species have been observed in all areas visited and the larval index values are above WHO standards indicating a high epidemic risk. Aedes albopictus is the predominant species.


Aedes aegypti est un moustique connu au Congo depuis des décennies. Il a toujours été impliqué dans la transmission de certaines arboviroses. Ae. albopictus, est, quant à lui, une espèce envahissante originaire d'Asie. Sa présence a été signalée au Congo en 2009. Son introduction et sa prolifération, notamment à Brazzaville, en association avec Ae. aegypti ont modifié le risque de transmission de ces arboviroses. Aucun rapport sur l'évolution de ces deux espèces n'a été établi depuis lors, de sorte que leur distribution et leur bio-écologie restent inconnues à Brazzaville. Nous avons entrepris des investigations entomologiques pour la détermination des facteurs bioécologiques susceptibles d'affecter l'abondance et la répartition des deux espèces dans deux arrondissements de la ville de Brazzaville. Des collectes de stades immatures ont été effectuées lors de prospections de gîtes en saison sèche et en saison des pluies. Des pondoirs pièges ont été utilisés pour l'obtention d'œufs qui ont été par la suite suivis au laboratoire. Par ailleurs, des séances de captures diurnes et nocturnes de moustiques adultes ont été organisées à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur des habitations. Les résultats montrent que les deux espèces ont la même distribution et les mêmes gîtes anthropiques. Elles ont une activité essentiellement diurne avec une intrusion nocturne. Elles sont plus exophages qu'endophages Les gîtes domestiques et péri-domestiques, en particulier les pneus et les récipients de conservation d'eau, sont les plus productifs. L'activité agressive observée tout au long de la journée présente deux pics : un en fin de matinée et un autre en fin d'après-midi. Ces deux espèces ont été observées dans toutes les zones visitées et les valeurs des indices larvaires sont au-dessus des normes de l'OMS et expriment un risque épidémique élevé. Ae. albopictus est l'espèce prédominante.


Assuntos
Aedes , Mordeduras e Picadas/epidemiologia , Ecossistema , Aedes/classificação , Aedes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Congo/epidemiologia , Demografia , Reservatórios de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Larva , Dinâmica Populacional , Chuva , Estações do Ano , Especificidade da Espécie
2.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot ; 111(1): 12-16, 2018.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30763501

RESUMO

The Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a disabling and fatal disease caused by a vector-borne parasite still impacting in residual hotbeds. The aim of our study was to update the epidemiological data of HAT in one of Central African Republic foci after the (2012-2014) period of conflict. The survey was carried out in 24 villages in the Bilolo's municipality where 4788 persons were examined by the CATT (Card Agglutination Trypanosomiasis Test) technique. The identified cases were submitted to a serological titration test followed by parasitological testing for confirmation. The cytorachia technique was used for clinical phase determination. The CATT has identified 221 persons, of which 54 were confirmed by serological titration test, giving a seroprevalence of 1.12%. Parasitological confirmation was obtained for 15 patients. Our study showed the abundance of Trypanosoma parasites in the Bilolo municipality. However, since 2007, no case of HAT had been diagnosed in this focus after screening, treatment and vector control.


L'objectif de notre étude est de mettre à jour les données épidémiologiques de la trypanosomose humaine africaine (THA) dans un des foyers connus de la République centrafricaine, après la période de conflit (2012­2014). L'enquête a été réalisée dans 24 villages de la commune de Bilolo où 4 788 personnes ont été investiguées par le CATT (Card Agglutination Trypanosomiasis Test). Les sérums positifs ont été titrés, et une confirmation parasitologique recherchée. La phase clinique a été déterminée par cytorachie. Le CATT a permis d'identifier 221 personnes suspectes dont 54 cas sérologiques (CATT ˃ 1/16), donnant une séroprévalence de 1,12 %. Une confirmation parasitologique a été obtenue pour 15 patients soit un taux de prévalence de 0,36 %. Or, depuis 2007, aucun cas de THA n'avait été diagnostiqué dans ce foyer après des actions de dépistage, de traitement et de lutte antivectorielle.


Assuntos
Tripanossomíase Africana/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Testes de Aglutinação , República Centro-Africana/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cidades , Estudos Transversais , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Testes Sorológicos , Adulto Jovem
3.
Med Sante Trop ; 23(2): 176-80, 2013 May 01.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23787222

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of kidney disease in patients newly diagnosed as HIV-positive in Brazzaville and to identify the associated risk factors. METHODS: Descriptive and analytical study of patients diagnosed with HIV infection at the Ambulatory Treatment Center in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo, from January 1, 2009, through December 31, 2010. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was assessed with the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation (MDRD-GFR), and kidney disease was defined by an eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). We conducted a univariate and then a multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the factors associated with kidney disease in this population. RESULTS: The study included 562 patients newly identified as HIV-infected, 66.13% of whom were women. Their median age was 38.84 years interquartile range (IQR): 33.18-46.23) and their median body mass index (BMI) 20.31 kg/m(2) (IQR: 17.97-22.89). Their median CD4 count was 192 cells/mm(3) (IQR: 81-350), and 70.8% were at WHO stage III/IV. Finally, the median MDRD-GFR was 95.59 (IQR: 78.76-114.92) mL/min/1.73 m(2) and 8.5% had a GFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2), that is, moderate impairment of kidney function. The only factor associated with kidney disease in the multivariate analysis was a BMI less than 18.5 kg/m(2) (adjusted odds ratio: 2.54, 95% confidence interval: 1.25-5.15, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of kidney disease in patients newly diagnosed with HIV in Brazzaville is relatively high. The only factor associated with it in the multivariate analysis was a BMI less than 18.5 kg/m(2).


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/complicações , Nefropatias/epidemiologia , Nefropatias/etiologia , Adulto , Congo , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco
5.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg ; 86(4): 362-4, 1992.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1440802

RESUMO

Three trials with torn bed nets impregnated with permethrin and deltamethrin were made under field conditions at the Soumousso Field Station and the Vallée du Kou rice-field area, both in Burkina Faso, and the Djoumouna fish pond area in the Congo Republic. Even a considerably torn correctly impregnated bed net could be an useful method for limiting human-anopheline contacts. But bed nets in poor condition, i.e. too little impregnated and too much torn, cannot protect the users against anopheline bites. Protection increases with insecticide concentration, but at a high dosage insecticide could have more a repellent than a killing effect. Therefore a balance has to be found for the optimum rate of insecticide treatment of bed nets to obtain a real reduction in malaria transmission and morbidity, in every epidemiological situation.


Assuntos
Inseticidas/administração & dosagem , Malária Falciparum/prevenção & controle , Controle de Mosquitos/métodos , Piretrinas/administração & dosagem , Animais , Anopheles , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Insetos Vetores , Malária Falciparum/transmissão , Nitrilas , Permetrina
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