Cohort study of the relationship between air pollution and short term health effects as determined by peak expiratory flow measurements.

The aim of the study was to establish if air pollution has short term effects on health and well-being for individuals living in an industrialized area of Norway. A cohort study was designed so that two groups (one randomly selected from the general population and one with preexisting lung disease) were followed hour by hour during two months in the winter and in the summer of 1988. In order to minimize the problems of confounding factors, each individual served as her/his own control. Each participant described through the use of a diary the presence of symptoms from the upper and lower respiratory tract as well as general symptoms of ill health. Measurements of lung function by the use of peak expiratory flow meters were done four times a day. In addition, every second week the participants were subjected t a full spirometric test. Samples of urine and blood were examined, and bacteriological test from the throat was performed at the beginning and at the end of the study. A comprehensive measurement program of outdoor air contaminants (including nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide) is presented. Estimation of each participant's exposure was performed hour by hour based on detailed modelling of the measured levels, known emissions of pollutants and meteorological conditions, as well as diary information on the participant's movements through the various micro-environments. The estimated exposures were generally low. In this presentation, a linear regression model and their corresponding parameter estimates were applied on an individual basis to evaluate any effect of air contamination on lung function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Lung function in singers]. / Lungefunksjonen hos sangere.

With the intention of conducting a more comprehensive study among students at the Department of Music, University of Oslo, a pilot study was carried out at the Clinical-physiological laboratory, Ullevål Hospital, in the 1970s. The author briefly reviews earlier studies, and compares their findings with those of the pilot study. There seems to be no difference between experienced and non-experienced singers as regards lung capacity, but the ratio residual volume/total lung capacity is much smaller for experienced singers, compared with non-experienced singers. Experienced singers seem to achieve more efficient use of pressure and air flow.